生物多様性の保全では、種の多様性よりも、生物の生態系における機能の多様性を考慮する方が役立つだろう。
Why function is catching on in conservation p.7
Counting what species do is becoming as important as counting how many there are.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22058
Counting what species do is becoming as important as counting how many there are.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22058
As political leaders on either side of the Atlantic set out contrasting positions on science funding, researchers everywhere need to ensure that their voices are heard.
doi: 10.1038/546007a
doi: 10.1038/546008a
Studies to treat vision loss and Parkinson’s disease are the first to proceed under new regulations.
doi: 10.1038/546015a
Parties promise more money for research, but scientists fear impact of split with European Union.
doi: 10.1038/546016a
Genetic analysis reveals a close relationship with Middle Easterners, not central Africans.
doi: 10.1038/546017a
Space mission will peer inside the densest matter in the Universe.
doi: 10.1038/546018a
Proposed cuts include 11% at the National Science Foundation, 18% at the National Institutes of Health and 30% at the Environmental Protection Agency.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22036
生態系の健全性を測る目的では、生物種の数ではなく、それらが持つ形質に目が向けられるようになってきている。
doi: 10.1038/546022a
Gタンパク質共役受容体は、創薬の生物学的標的である。今回、低温電子顕微鏡法の発展によって、シグナル伝達タンパク質と複合体を形成したクラスB受容体の構造解明が可能になった。2人の生物学者と顕微鏡の専門家が、今回の成果の興味深い意味合いについて説明している。
doi: 10.1038/nature22491
電波望遠鏡の新しい検出器によって、多くの異なる分子からの放射を星間雲全体にわたって同時にマッピングできるようになった。今回、こうした先駆的な研究の1つで、オリオン座の星形成雲の広い領域が調べられた。
doi: 10.1038/nature22499
6種の細胞小器官の間の相互作用を、3Dで時間経過ともに観察できる顕微鏡技術が開発され、細胞内過程の理解が深まると期待される。
doi: 10.1038/nature22500
電場を印加してイオンを出し入れすることで、イオン液体でコーティングした材料の機能を変えることができる。今回この技術を用いて、特性を切り替えられる材料が作られた。
doi: 10.1038/546040a
今回、氷床コアから得られた同位体データを用いて、過去の気候遷移期における大気中のオキシダント濃度が見積もられた。その結果は、あまり調べられていない気候フィードバックが、大気組成を変化させる要因であることを示している。
doi: 10.1038/546041a
栽培種のヒマワリ(Helianthus annuus L.)の参照ゲノムは、この作物のストレス耐性と油脂生産の向上を目的とした育種計画の有用なリソースになる見込みがある。
doi: 10.1038/546043a
マイコバクテリアが細胞分裂して生理的に異なる娘細胞を生む能力を支える遺伝子が、今回見つかった。この知見は、結核の薬物療法に関連してくる。
doi: 10.1038/546044a
子宮の環境を模倣した袋によって、極めて未熟な状態で生まれた仔ヒツジの成長が4週間にわたり維持された。こうした進展は、超早産児の予後を改善する方法を示している。
doi: 10.1038/546045a
A neural circuit in Drosophila reveals how the fly’s internal sense of heading rotates when it turns.
doi: 10.1038/nature22343
An antibody against the pituitary hormone Fsh reduces adiposity and increases thermogenesis in ovariectomized mice or mice fed a high-fat diet.
doi: 10.1038/nature22342
Structural ensembles of the 70S ribosome bound to cognate or near-cognate charged tRNAs in complex with EF-Tu illustrate the crucial role of the nucleotide G530 in decoding of mRNA, and demonstrate that translational fidelity results from direct control of GTPase by the decoding centre.
doi: 10.1038/nature22397
Volta phase-plate cryo-electron microscopy reveals the structure of the full-length calcitonin receptor in complex with its peptide ligand and Gαsβγ.
doi: 10.1038/nature22327
Materials are described here that can change their crystalline phase in response to the electrically controlled insertion or extraction of oxygen and hydrogen ions, giving rise to three distinct phases with different optical, electrical and magnetic properties.
doi: 10.1038/nature22389
Upon exposure to ultra-intense, hard X-ray pulses, polyatomic molecules containing one heavy atom reach a much higher degree of ionization than do individual heavy atoms, contrary to previous assumptions.
doi: 10.1038/nature22373
Observations from a Greenland ice core reveal that tropospheric oxidants are sensitive to climate-driven changes in reactive halogen chemistry and stratosphere-to-troposphere transport of ozone, in addition to ozone precursor emissions.
doi: 10.1038/nature22340
Extreme temperatures and fluid pressures are measured, and their causes modelled, in a borehole into the Alpine Fault, where an earthquake rupture is expected within the next few decades.
doi: 10.1038/nature22355
Expanding protected areas for ecological conservation by just 5% has the potential to markedly increase terrestrial biodiversity protection.
doi: 10.1038/nature22368
A tree biodiversity and ecosystem function experiment shows that leaf bacterial diversity is positively related to plant community productivity, and explains a portion of the variation in productivity that would otherwise be attributed to plant diversity and functional traits.
doi: 10.1038/nature22399
A high-quality reference for the sunflower genome (Helianthus annuus L.) and analysis of gene networks involved in flowering time and oil metabolism provide a basis for nutritional exploitation and analyses of adaptation to climate change.
doi: 10.1038/nature22380
The mycobacterial protein LamA functions as an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis at the nascent cell pole, contributing to asymmetry in polar growth, and could represent a much-needed target for the development of anti-tuberculosis therapies.
doi: 10.1038/nature22361
The chemoattractant S1P is identified as an extrinsic factor that supports naive T cell survival, and acts via a signalling mechanism to maintain mitochondrial content and function.
doi: 10.1038/nature22352
Using confocal and lattice light sheet microscopy, the authors perform systems-level analysis of the organelle interactome in live cells, allowing them to visualize the frequency and locality of up to five-way interactions between different organelles.
doi: 10.1038/nature22369
In human cell lines with mutant KRAS and loss of LKB1, CPS1 expression correlates inversely with LKB1 expression; silencing CPS1 in these cells induces DNA damage and cell death as a result of pyrimidine depletion rather than ammonia toxicity.
doi: 10.1038/nature22359