Clock is ticking for WHO decision over Taiwan p.385

The World Health Organization shouldn’t allow regional politics to hamper public health.

doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22019

Intelligence research should not be held back by its past p.385

The nuances achieved by modern genetics can be used to dispel a history of racism and elitism.

doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22021

Eighty-eight days till the next total eclipse of the Sun p.386

Nature won’t repeat the mistake of its founding editor when this summer’s totality is visible in the United States.

doi: 10.1038/545385b

Iron-dumping ocean experiment sparks controversy p.393

Canadian foundation says its field research could boost fisheries in Chile, but researchers doubt its motives.

doi: 10.1038/545393a

Fixing the tomato: CRISPR edits correct plant-breeding snafu p.394

Geneticists harness two mutations — each cherished by breeders, but detrimental when combined — to improve on 10,000 years of tomato domestication.

doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22018

China expands DNA data grab in troubled western region p.395

Alarms raised over suspected efforts to collect massive numbers of genetic samples from citizens.

doi: 10.1038/545395a

Drop in cases of Zika threatens large-scale trials p.396

Studies are struggling to recruit participants following a marked drop in cases of the virus.

doi: 10.1038/545396a

Earth-observing companies push for more-advanced science satellites p.397

Firms seek to develop sophisticated instruments to compete with government offerings.

doi: 10.1038/545397a

The best-kept secrets to winning grants p.399

研究資金をめぐる競争がいよいよ厳しくなる中で、米国立衛生研究所（NIH）からの資金獲得の達人たちが秘訣を語った。

doi: 10.1038/545399a

Quantum physics: A firmer grip on the Hubbard model p.414

ハバード模型は、相互作用する量子粒子のふるまいを記述するが、その性質の多くはまだよく分かっていない。今回、極低温原子系によって、このモデルの根底にある物理を確定する手掛かりが得られた。

doi: 10.1038/545414a

Blood: Education for stem cells p.415

造血幹細胞は、全ての種類の血液細胞を生みだす。そして、in vitroでの血液細胞の作製は、幹細胞生物学における念願の目標である。今回、2つのグループによって、この偉業が異なる方法で達成された。

doi: 10.1038/nature22496

Medical research: Personalized test tracks cancer relapse p.417

今回、肺腫瘍の進化のゲノム解析を用いて、がん再発の初期兆候の臨床モニタリングを可能にする個別化血液検査が開発された。これは、プレシジョン・メディシンに向けての有望な一歩である。

doi: 10.1038/545417a

Astronomy: Quasars signpost massive galaxies p.418

初期宇宙におけるクエーサーと呼ばれる極めて明るい天体の近傍は、十分に調べられていない。今回、既知の最大質量の銀河のいくつかがこうした領域に存在することが、観測によって示唆された。

doi: 10.1038/545418a

Plant Biology: An immunity boost combats crop disease p.420

植物は、メッセンジャーRNAからのタンパク質合成において翻訳を制御することで、いくつかの免疫調節因子を精密に発現する。この知見によって、生産性を損なわずに病害抵抗性を持つイネを作ることができるようになった。

doi: 10.1038/nature22497

In Retrospect: Global health estimated over two decades p.421

世界の健康を確実に評価することは極めて困難である。1997年に発表された4本の論文によって将来の世界の健康を見積もる基盤が得られたが、その後の進歩にもかかわらず、データシステムとモデルの統合にはまだ改善が必要である。

doi: 10.1038/545421a

Therapeutic T cell engineering p.423

doi: 10.1038/nature22395

Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells p.432

Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell conversion of human pluripotent stem cell-derived haemogenic endothelium.

doi: 10.1038/nature22370

Conversion of adult endothelium to immunocompetent haematopoietic stem cells p.439

The authors reprogram in vitro endothelial cells from adult mice into engraftable haematopoietic stem cells that display single-cell and multilineage properties, are capable of long-term self-renewal and can reconstitute T cell adaptive immune function.

doi: 10.1038/nature22326

Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution p.446

Circulating tumour DNA profiling in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer can be used to track single-nucleotide variants in plasma to predict lung cancer relapse and identify tumour subclones involved in the metastatic process.

doi: 10.1038/nature22364

Chromatin states define tumour-specific T cell dysfunction and reprogramming p.452

Epigenetic programming of T cells in solid tumours from a functional to a dysfunctional state occurs in two phases, and only the first phase is reversible.

doi: 10.1038/nature22367

Rapidly star-forming galaxies adjacent to quasars at redshifts exceeding 6 p.457

Four galaxies discovered near quasars at redshifts exceeding 6 have star-formation rates that are high enough to explain the massive elliptical galaxies known to exist at redshifts of about 4.

doi: 10.1038/nature22358

A cold-atom Fermi–Hubbard antiferromagnet p.462

An antiferromagnet with a correlation length that encompasses the whole system is created with the aid of quantum gas microscopy of cold atoms in an optical lattice.

doi: 10.1038/nature22362

Impacts and mitigation of excess diesel-related NO_x emissions in 11 major vehicle markets p.467

Across markets accounting for 80 per cent of global diesel vehicle sales, more than a third of diesel nitrogen oxide emissions are in excess of certification limits, causing many deaths.

doi: 10.1038/nature22086

The concurrent emergence and causes of double volcanic hotspot tracks on the Pacific plate p.472

The emergence of geographically and geochemically distinct double volcanic chains on the Pacific plate coincides with a recent azimuthal change in the motion of the plate.

doi: 10.1038/nature22054

Identification of preoptic sleep neurons using retrograde labelling and gene profiling p.477

Identification of sleep-active and sleep-promoting neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus using neural projection tracing tools to target this population among a group of intermingled neurons, all with various functions.

doi: 10.1038/nature22350

Evolutionary enhancement of Zika virus infectivity in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes p.482

A mutation that increases the secretion of Zika virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) in infected hosts enhances the ability of the virus to infect its mosquito vector Aedes aegypti and might have contributed to the recent Zika epidemic.

doi: 10.1038/nature22365

Global translational reprogramming is a fundamental layer of immune regulation in plants p.487

Global translatome analysis shows that plants also modify their translational output—independently of the changes in transcriptional output—to establish pattern-triggered immunity.

doi: 10.1038/nature22371

uORF-mediated translation allows engineered plant disease resistance without fitness costs p.491

In both laboratory and field studies, engineering translational control of immune mediator production in Arabidopsis and rice confers disease resistance, without compromising plant fitness.

doi: 10.1038/nature22372

PD-1 expression by tumour-associated macrophages inhibits phagocytosis and tumour immunity p.495

Mouse and human tumour-associated macrophages express PD-1, which increases with cancer stage and induces decreased phagocytosis by macrophages; by contrast, PD-L1 removal increases phagocytosis in vivo, decreases tumour burden and increases survival of mice.

doi: 10.1038/nature22396

Cancer progression by reprogrammed BCAA metabolism in myeloid leukaemia p.500

BCAT1, a cytosolic aminotransferase for branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), is aberrantly activated and functionally required for disease progression in chronic myeloid leukaemia.

doi: 10.1038/nature22314

Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks p.505

Affinity purification–mass spectrometry elucidates protein interaction networks and co-complexes to build, to our knowledge, the largest experimentally derived human protein interaction network so far, termed BioPlex 2.0.

doi: 10.1038/nature22366