米国カリフォルニア州の低炭素燃料基準は、国レベルでの基準を考える際にも、多くを学べる手本となる。
The cleaner state p.157
Federal regulators could learn much from California’s low-carbon fuel programme.
doi: 10.1038/497157b
Federal regulators could learn much from California’s low-carbon fuel programme.
doi: 10.1038/497157b
The US Supreme Court should overturn the 2003 law that requires federally funded HIV/AIDS programmes abroad to denounce prostitution.
doi: 10.1038/497157a
Confidence is rising among scientists defending animal research. It should be encouraged.
doi: 10.1038/497158a
Obama boosts ‘stockpile stewardship’ funds at energy labs.
doi: 10.1038/497165a
Three projects seek to track changes in Atlantic overturning circulation currents.
doi: 10.1038/497167a
Russia and Qatar prepare to dominate market as gas price inflation puts researchers under pressure.
doi: 10.1038/497168a
University finds evidence of fakery in Jamaican dance data.
doi: 10.1038/497170a
DNAデータベースに登録された「匿名」のDNAデータから、被験者が特定できることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/497172a
義手の機能は非常に向上してきており、これからの課題は、触覚を持った義手の開発である。
doi: 10.1038/497176a
ある種の核が作る洋ナシ形の形状は捉えにくく、理論的予測も難しいが、この形状がついに正確に測定された。この結果が核物理学および素粒子物理学に意味するものについて、2人の専門家が見解を語っている。
doi: 10.1038/497190a
互いに近傍にあるアンドロメダ銀河とさんかく座銀河の間にのびているわずかな中性水素ガス成分が観測されたことから、この捉えにくい銀河間媒質の分光画像が高解像度で得られるようになった。
doi: 10.1038/497191a
mTORキナーゼの、触媒活性を持った状態の結晶構造がついに明らかにされた。この酵素は、細胞増殖のマスター調節因子である。この構造から、活性部位への基質の接近を制御する「門番」機構の存在が示された。
doi: 10.1038/nature12101
粘膜表面にある記憶免疫細胞が病原体と遭遇するとシグナルを発し、他の記憶細胞をその場所に動員することがわかった。この知見は、ワクチンの設計に関わってくる可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/497194b
筋芽細胞と呼ばれる筋細胞の融合は、動物の一生を通じて骨格筋の形成と維持の基盤となっている。哺乳類では、細胞死がシグナルとして働いてこの過程を増強していることがだんだんに明らかになってきた。
doi: 10.1038/nature12097
脳の視床下部では、炎症により活性化したシグナル伝達経路が老化関連ホルモンの産生を制御している。この知見は、炎症、ストレス応答と全身の老化とを結び付けるものだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature12100
An experimental study of certain short-lived isotopes of radon and radium has found clear octupole deformation in the nuclei of the latter — that is, these nuclei are pear-shaped; the results enable discrimination between differing theoretical approaches to octupole correlations.
doi: 10.1038/nature12073
Motor patterns underlying the rodent exploratory behaviours whisking and sniffing are coordinated by respiratory centres in the ventral medulla; a distinct region in the ventral medulla provides rhythmic input to the facial motor neurons that drive scanning by the vibrissae, and input from the pre-Bötzinger complex coordinates whisking with sniffing and basal breathing.
doi: 10.1038/nature12076
Activation of IKK-β and NF-κB in the hypothalamus of mice is shown to accelerate the ageing process, leading to shortened lifespan; inhibition of hypothalamic or brain IKK-β and NF-κB delays ageing and increases lifespan, and NF-κB activation results in a reduction of GnRH levels, whereas NF-κB inhibition leads to GnRH-induced neurogenesis to mediate ageing retardation.
doi: 10.1038/nature12143
Co-crystal structures of a number of complexes involving truncated mammalian target of rapamycin, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinase, reveal an intrinsically active kinase conformation and show how rapamycin–FKBP12 directly blocks substrate recruitment to the kinase domain.
doi: 10.1038/nature12122
About half of the gas stretching between the galaxies M31 and M33 is shown to be composed of clouds, with the rest distributed in an extended, diffuse component.
doi: 10.1038/nature12082
The fair-sampling loophole is closed in a Bell inequality violation experiment with entangled photons, making the photon the first physical system for which all the main loopholes have been closed.
doi: 10.1038/nature12012
The non-Fermi-liquid regime that emerges in MnSi under high pressures displays a Hall signal that can be traced to topologically non-trivial spin configurations at low pressures — a well-understood skyrmion lattice — empirically suggesting a route towards a breakdown of Fermi liquid theory in pure metals.
doi: 10.1038/nature12023
A model of the four main outlet glaciers that drain the Greenland Ice Sheet predicts that they will contribute 19 to 30 millimetres to sea-level rise by 2200 in a mid-range future warming scenario, and 29 to 49 millimetres in a more extreme scenario.
doi: 10.1038/nature12068
M-CSF, a myeloid cytokine released during infection and inflammation, instructs myeloid lineage fate in single haematopoietic stem cells by directly inducing PU.1, a known myeloid lineage master regulator; this shows that specific cytokines can act directly on haematopoietic stem cells to instruct a change of cell identity.
doi: 10.1038/nature12026
This study shows that Dis3l2 is the 3′–5′ exonuclease that mediates the degradation of uridylated precursor let-7 microRNA; this is the first physiological RNA substrate identified for this new exonuclease, which causes the Perlman syndrome of fetal overgrowth and Wilms’ tumour susceptibility when mutated.
doi: 10.1038/nature12119
The neonatal heart has a high regenerative capacity that is lost in adult life; the transcription factor Meis1 has been identified as a relevant proliferative switch for this transition, providing a potential therapeutic target for adult heart regeneration.
doi: 10.1038/nature12054
The CRISPR/Cas system known to aid bacterial defences by targeting invading DNA can also act to evade eukaryotic defences through a different class of small RNAs downregulating an endogenous immunogenic bacterial lipoprotein.
doi: 10.1038/nature12048
By using high-throughput sequencing of T-cell receptors, this study shows that thymus-derived regulatory T (Treg) cells constitute most Treg cells in all lymphoid and intestinal organs, including the colon, suggesting that thymic Treg cells and not induced Treg cells dominantly control tolerance to the gut’s antigens such as commensal microbiota.
doi: 10.1038/nature12079
The apoptotic event of phosphatidylserine exposure and its recognition by the receptor BAI1 has an unexpected new role as a signal enhancing mouse myoblast fusion, an insight with relevance to some congenital muscle diseases and muscle injury treatments.
doi: 10.1038/nature12135
The crystal structure of an inward-facing, nucleotide-free folate energy-coupling factor transporter from Lactobacillus brevis at a resolution of 3 Å suggests a transport model that involves a substantial conformational change of the substrate-specific binding protein, FolT.
doi: 10.1038/nature12046
The crystal structure of a nucleotide-free energy-coupling factor transporter from Lactobacillus brevis at a resolution of 3.5 Å suggests a plausible working model for the transport cycle of such transporters.
doi: 10.1038/nature12045
