India is making great strides in improving its science, but it needs to look carefully at its approach and work with the rest of the world if it is to realize its full potential.
doi: 10.1038/521125a
A European initiative to ban animal research has galvanized resistance.
doi: 10.1038/521125b
The UK voter opinion polls show that an anomalous answer can be the correct one.
doi: 10.1038/521126a
Geologists say hazard posed by earthquake-loosened earth could linger for years.
doi: 10.1038/521133a
A surprise Conservative majority and the rise of the Scottish National Party have implications for research policy.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17506
Aeroplane detects signature spike in photons that does not fit any known source of antiparticles.
doi: 10.1038/521135a
DNA from microbes living on the human body can be used to identify individuals.
doi: 10.1038/521136a
Health agency’s annual meeting will address shortcomings in outbreak response highlighted by West Africa crisis.
doi: 10.1038/521137a
States begin to permit field tests of transgenic plants.
doi: 10.1038/521138a
南アジアの超大国インドの、計り知れない可能性と大きな課題を探る。
doi: 10.1038/521141a
インドの科学研究の置かれた状況を、さまざまなデータから見る。
doi: 10.1038/521142a
インドは一部の研究開発分野で長足の進歩を遂げているが、前途はまだ遠い。
doi: 10.1038/521144a
インド・バイオテクノロジー局長官のKrishnaswamy VijayRaghavanは、自国の生物科学を煩雑な形式主義から解放しようと、大胆な計画を打ち出した。
doi: 10.1038/521148a
ほとんどの銀河で、星形成の停止は40億年ほどかかるゆっくりした過程だった。2万7000個近くの銀河の解析から、その原因は周辺環境による「ストランギュレーション」である可能性が最も高いことが示唆された。
doi: 10.1038/521164a
ショウジョウバエの神経は、ハエの居る環境からの手掛かりに対応して自身を特定の方向に向かわせることが明らかにされ、ショウジョウバエの脳に周辺環境の認知地図を描くための重要な成分が含まれることの証拠が得られた。
doi: 10.1038/521165a
電子顕微鏡のビーム中の電子を決まったエネルギー状態にするのに、光パルスがこれまで使われていた。今回、このような電子を量子的に重なり合ったエネルギー状態にすることに成功した。
doi: 10.1038/521166a
植物細胞の細胞壁成分に由来し、バイオ燃料を製造する際の廃棄物である化合物が、殺真菌活性を持つことが分かった。この物質はβ1,3グルカンと呼ばれる糖と相互作用して真菌細胞の完全性を損なうのである。
doi: 10.1038/521168a
有核細胞を持つ全ての生物からなる真核生物に最も近縁と考えられる古細菌門が新たに見つかった。この発見は、真核生物の起源の解明を進めるのに役立つと期待される。
doi: 10.1038/nature14522
2つの新しい手法を使って、タンパク質をコードしていないXistと呼ばれるRNAと直接結合して、雌の哺乳類での1本のX染色体不活性化に関わるタンパク質群が明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/521170a
This study identifies a clade of archaea that is the immediate sister group of eukaryotes in phylogenetic analyses, and that also has a repertoire of proteins otherwise characteristic of eukaryotes—proteins that would have provided the first eukaryotes with a ‘starter kit’ for the genomic and cellular complexity characteristic of the eukaryotic cell.
doi: 10.1038/nature14447
Cell-type-specific electrical activity manipulations and deep-brain imaging in mice of neuronal populations associated with homeostasis of nutrient or fluid intake reveals that learning is conditioned by a negative-valence signal from the hunger-mediating AGRP neurons and also from the thirst-mediating neurons in the subfornical organ.
doi: 10.1038/nature14416
Calcium imaging of the brain of tethered flies walking in a virtual reality arena showed that a population of neurons with dendrites that tile the ‘ellipsoid body’ use information from visual landmarks and the fly's own rotation to compute heading; this suggests insects possess neurons with similarities to ‘head direction cells’ known to contribute to spatial navigation in mammalian brains.
doi: 10.1038/nature14446
An analysis of the stellar metallicity of local galaxies reveals that strangulation (halting of cold gas supply) rather than sudden removal of gas (through outflows or stripping) is the primary mechanism responsible for the quenching of star formation.
doi: 10.1038/nature14439
Evidence is presented for electron pairing in strontium titanate far above the superconducting transition temperature; such pairs are thought to be the long-sought pre-formed pairs that condense at lower temperatures to give rise to the unconventional superconducting state in this system.
doi: 10.1038/nature14398
The coherent manipulation of electron quantum states using light, commonly employed in atoms and molecules, is extended to the case of free electron beams using ultrafast transmission electron microscopy; this approach may enable a range of applications in ultrafast electron imaging and spectroscopy down to attosecond precision.
doi: 10.1038/nature14463
Particulate organic carbon export from the terrestrial biosphere is primarily controlled by physical erosion, and tectonic and climatic forcing of physical erosion may favour biospheric particulate organic carbon sequestration over silicate weathering as a long-term atmospheric carbon dioxide sink.
doi: 10.1038/nature14400
A multi-omics approach, integrating metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics, determines the phylogenetic composition of the microbial community and assesses its functional potential and activity along a thaw transition from intact permafrost to thermokast bog.
doi: 10.1038/nature14238
In Arabidopsis thaliana, pathogen-secreted proteases trigger a previously unknown defence response involving heterotrimeric G-protein complexes upstream of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.
doi: 10.1038/nature14243
D’Arcy Thompson predicted a century ago that animal body shape is conditioned by gravity, but there has been no animal model to study how cellular forces are coordinated to generate body shapes that withstand gravity; the hirame medaka fish mutant, with pronounced body flattening, reveals how the hirame/YAP gene controls gravity-resisting cellular forces to produce complex 3D organs and body shapes.
doi: 10.1038/nature14215
A proof-of-concept phase I clinical trial demonstrates that targeting interleukin (IL)-23 with an antibody that binds to the p19 subunit leads to clinical improvement of disease in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.
doi: 10.1038/nature14175
HIV-1 integration into the host cell genome occurs in the outer shell of the nucleus in close correspondence with the nuclear pore, in which a series of cellular genes are preferentially targeted by the virus.
doi: 10.1038/nature14226
The mechanisms by which Xist, a long non-coding RNA, silences one X chromosome in female mammals are unknown; here a mass spectrometry-based approach is developed to identify several proteins that interact directly with Xist, including the transcriptional repressor SHARP that is required for transcriptional silencing through the histone deacetylase HDAC3.
doi: 10.1038/nature14443
Electron cryomicroscopy of a complete mitochondrial ATP-synthase dimer reveals the elusive structure of the essential a-subunit.
doi: 10.1038/nature14185
Electron cryomicroscopy shows structures of three distinct rotational states of the V-ATPase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
doi: 10.1038/nature14365
