There is growing evidence that embracing diversity — in all its senses — is key to doing good science. But there is still work to be done to ensure that inclusivity is the default, not the exception.
doi: 10.1038/513279a
Finalizing the European Research Area is still a vibrant and relevant goal.
doi: 10.1038/513279b
Bacterial enzyme supercharges photosynthesis, promising increased yields for crops.
doi: 10.1038/513280a
Researchers elsewhere can’t wait to test iPS cells in humans.
doi: 10.1038/513287a
Touchdown site for Rosetta probe chosen unanimously.
doi: 10.1038/513288a
United Nations meeting aims to spark enthusiasm for a 2015 emissions pact.
doi: 10.1038/513289a
Artificial sweetener seems to change gut microbiome.
doi: 10.1038/513290a
Mangalyaan aims to be Asia’s first successful Martian mission.
doi: 10.1038/513291a
Genetic engineering lags behind conventional breeding in efforts to create drought-resistant maize.
doi: 10.1038/513292a
米国では、サンゴ礁を破壊するミノカサゴの侵入が問題になっているが、この問題改善に釣り競技会が役立つかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/513294a
科学者は、自身の性的指向にかかわらず活躍できるようになってきているが、カミングアウトをためらう人はいまだに多い。
doi: 10.1038/513297a
アフリカに生息するシクリッド類の5つの系統をそれぞれ代表する試料のゲノム塩基配列と遺伝子発現データから、シクリッドについて現在見られる非常に高い多様性の基盤となっているゲノム変化の特徴が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13742
ヒ化カドミウム中では低エネルギー電子が相対論的高エネルギー粒子と似た挙動をすることが示され、これによって安定な「三次元ディラック半金属」が初めて明らかになった。これは、基礎物理学研究にも実際的応用にも役立つと期待される。
doi: 10.1038/513319a
チンパンジーで見られる、仲間を集めて相手を殺すような攻撃について包括的な解析が行われ、こうした攻撃は適応行動の1つであって、人為的影響を受けて生じたものではないことが確証された。
doi: 10.1038/513321a
高密度に詰め込まれた星の集塊の中心にある、特大の超大質量ブラックホールが見つかった。この知見は、この系がかつてはもっと大きかった銀河の核であって、周りの物質が剥ぎ取られてしまったことを示唆している。
doi: 10.1038/513322a
脳細胞を光に応答させる巧妙な遺伝学的手法をマウスに用いて、特定の場所に結び付いている記憶を誘起し、その結び付きを否定的なものから肯定的なものへ、あるいはこの逆へと変更する実験が成功した。
doi: 10.1038/nature13745
3つの反応物を1つにまとめて、複数の可能性の中から1種類の化合物だけを選び、単一の鏡像異性体として形成させる触媒によって、生体分子の合成が容易になる可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/513324a
A catalytic process is reported that begins with a highly selective copper–boron addition to a monosubstituted allene, and in which the resulting boron-substituted organocopper intermediate then participates in a chemoselective, site-selective and enantioselective allylic substitution; this approach is used in the enantioselective synthesis of gram quantities of two natural products.
doi: 10.1038/nature13735
Genomes and transcriptomes of five distinct lineages of African cichlids, a textbook example of adaptive radiation, have been sequenced and analysed to reveal that many types of molecular changes contributed to rapid evolution, and that standing variation accumulated during periods of relaxed selection may have primed subsequent diversification.
doi: 10.1038/nature13726
Proteome analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colorectal cancer specimens reveals that DNA- or RNA-level measurements cannot reliably predict protein abundance, colorectal tumours can be separated into distinct proteotypes, and that copy number alterations drive mRNA abundance changes but few extend to protein-level changes.
doi: 10.1038/nature13438
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a large E3 ligase that mediates ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of cell cycle regulatory proteins; here the complete secondary structure architecture of human APC/C complexed with its coactivator CDH1 and substrate HSL1 is determined at 7.4 Å resolution, revealing allosteric changes induced by the coactivator that enhance affinity for UBCH10–ubiqutin.
doi: 10.1038/nature13543
Hubble Space Telescope, Keck telescope and Spitzer satellite data reveal the formation of the dense stellar core of a massive galaxy occurring three billion years after the Big Bang.
doi: 10.1038/nature13616
Dynamical modelling of the ultra-compact dwarf galaxy M60-UCD1 reveals the presence of a supermassive black hole; this suggests the object is a stripped galaxy nucleus and implies the existence of supermassive black holes in many other ultra-compact dwarf galaxies.
doi: 10.1038/nature13762
The drying of the Tethys Sea—the progenitor of the modern Mediterranean, Black and Caspian seas—weakened the northern extension of the African monsoon and led to the creation of the Sahara desert about 7 million years ago.
doi: 10.1038/nature13705
The slow gravitational collapse of early continents could have kick-started transient episodes of plate tectonics until, as the Earth’s interior cooled and oceanic lithosphere became heavier, plate tectonics became self-sustaining.
doi: 10.1038/nature13728
A sequencing study comparing ancient and contemporary genomes reveals that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, ancient north Eurasians (related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians) and early European farmers of mainly Near Eastern origin.
doi: 10.1038/nature13673
A meta-analysis of studies on chimpanzees and bonobos across Africa shows that their conspecific aggression is the normal and expected product of adaptive strategies to obtain resources or mates and has no connection with the impacts of human activities.
doi: 10.1038/nature13727
Repeated exposure of the bacterium Escherichia coli to clinically relevant concentrations of ampicillin results in the evolution of tolerance—the ability to survive until the antibiotic concentration diminishes—through an extension of the lag phase, a finding that has implications for slowing the evolution of antibiotic resistance.
doi: 10.1038/nature13469
On the basis of whole-genome sequences of clonal lines derived from normal mouse tissues, variation in mutational patterns and load across different tissues are described and early embryonic cell divisions are reconstructed.
doi: 10.1038/nature13448
An optogenetic approach in mice was used to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying memory valence association; dentate gyrus, but not amygdala, memory engram cells exhibit plasticity in valence associations, suggesting that emotional memory associations can be changed at the circuit level.
doi: 10.1038/nature13725
A novel type of post-transcriptional regulation controls the expression of virulence genes in blood-stage malaria parasites.
doi: 10.1038/nature13468
Pharmacological fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) normalizes blood glucose in diabetic mice by means of an FGF receptor signalling pathway that is independent of its mitogenic activity.
doi: 10.1038/nature13540
mTORC1 is known to stimulate protein synthesis; now, it is shown to also promote the synthesis of proteasomes, which degrade proteins into the amino acids needed to create new proteins.
doi: 10.1038/nature13492
