The country’s research could soon dominate the world stage, but pitfalls lie in wait.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00659-5
The French government must mitigate the risks in its legal imposition of vaccinations by promoting more coherent and proactive vaccine policies.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00660-y
Republican politicians caught unfairly altering electoral districts thanks to computer algorithm.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00661-x
Experiment smashes electrons into positrons to search for unseen particles and problems with overarching physics framework.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00162-x
Court temporarily revives protections for some unauthorized immigrants as Trump and Congress clash over policy reform.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00489-5
Engineered organisms that cannot breed with wild counterparts could prevent transgenic plants from spreading genes to unmodified crops and weeds, and battle pests.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00625-1
The country’s ambition to become the global leader in artificial intelligence will require a large, highly skilled workforce.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00604-6
Experiment shows how spacecraft could use stellar signals to navigate in deep space without human instruction.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00478-8
これまで子宮は無菌だと考えられてきたが、マイクロバイオームの始まりは子宮にあるという見方が広がっている。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00664-8
今の世界は、夜でもかつてないほど明るいが、光害が生態系に及ぼす影響がさまざまな実験から明らかになってきた。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00665-7
マウスは、対立解決のための本来の攻撃的な方法を克服して、協調的戦略をとるよう学習できることが、今回分かった。この発見から、複雑な社会的行動を調べる簡単な動物モデルが得られる。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08835-9
今回、ディフィシレ菌（Clostridium difficile）菌の流行株が、異常に低濃度の食品添加物トレハロースの下で増殖することが見いだされた。これによって、2001年以降のディフィシレ菌感染症の急増を説明できる可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08775-4
今回、オピオイド系鎮痛薬の標的であるμオピオイド受容体に結合して、Gタンパク質シグナル伝達経路のみを活性化する化合物が作られた。こうした化合物には、現在用いられているオピオイドの主要な副作用の1つがない。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00045-1
大気中の二酸化炭素濃度に対する地球の気候の感度は、将来の地球温暖化の予測に重要だがまだよく分かっていない。今回、説得力のある解析によって、気候感度の高い見積もりを除外できることが示された。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00480-0
今回、細胞の翻訳装置であるリボソームが、メッセンジャーRNAの主要なタンパク質コード領域を越えて、タンパク質の発現を阻害する「交通渋滞」を起こし得ることを示す証拠が見つかった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08785-2
Two hypervirulent ribotypes of the enteric pathogen Clostridium difficile, RT027 and RT078, have independently acquired unique mechanisms to metabolize low concentrations of the disaccharide trehalose, suggesting a correlation between the emergence of these ribotypes and the widespread adoption of trehalose in the human diet.
doi: 10.1038/nature25178
Cryo-EM structures of Pol III preinitiation complexes are presented, comprising Pol III and the transcription factor TFIIIB bound to a natural promoter in different functional states.
doi: 10.1038/nature25440
Detailed structures of yeast RNA polymerase III and its initiation complex shed light on how the transcription of essential non-coding RNAs begins and allow comparisons with other RNA polymerases.
doi: 10.1038/nature25441
The star formation histories of galaxies, as encapsulated in their integrated optical spectra, depend on the mass of the black holes present at their centres.
doi: 10.1038/nature24999
Interferometric images of the surface of the giant star π1 Gruis reveal few but large convective cells, consistent with existing models of stellar surface convection.
doi: 10.1038/nature25001
Droplets covered with surfactants that respond to multiple stimuli can assemble into hierarchical assemblies or non-spherical, patchy structures, mimic systems of mechanical gears, and even harbour sequences of chemical reactions.
doi: 10.1038/nature25137
Equilibrium climate sensitivity—which remains the largest uncertainty in climate projections—is constrained to a ‘likely’ range of 2.2–3.4 K by taking into account the variability of global temperature about long-term historical warming.
doi: 10.1038/nature25450
Deep-ocean O2 concentrations over the past 3.5 billion years are estimated using the oxidation state of iron in submarine basalts and indicate that deep-ocean oxygenation occurred in the Phanerozoic.
doi: 10.1038/nature25009
Assessment of the impact of armed conflict on large herbivores in Africa between 1946 and 2010 reveals that high conflict frequency is an important predictor of wildlife population declines.
doi: 10.1038/nature25194
Travel time to cities in 2015 is quantified in a high-resolution global map that will be useful for socio-economic policy design and conservation research.
doi: 10.1038/nature25181
In hybrid inviability between Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis, genomic regions on two X. laevis chromosomes are incompatible with the X. tropicalis cytoplasm and are mis-segregated during mitosis, leading to unbalanced gene expression at the maternal to zygotic transition, followed by cell-autonomous catastrophic embryo death.
doi: 10.1038/nature25188
A high-throughput assay is used to analyse 40,000 potential extracellular domain interactions of a large family of plant cell surface receptors (LRR-RKs) and provide a cell surface interaction network for these receptors.
doi: 10.1038/nature25184
Immune checkpoint blockade with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 agents produces a high response rate in patients with desmoplastic melanoma.
doi: 10.1038/nature25187
REV-ERBs, nuclear hormone receptors that regulate transcription as part of the circadian clock cell machinery, inhibit autophagy and lipogenesis in premalignant and malignant cells and impair tumour growth in vivo.
doi: 10.1038/nature25170
A regulatory mechanism that limits the number of complete protein molecules that can be synthesized from a single mRNA molecule of the human AMD1 gene encoding adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1.
doi: 10.1038/nature25174
The crystal structure of a channel-forming O-antigen polysaccharide ABC transporter suggests a novel biopolymer translocation mechanism.
doi: 10.1038/nature25190
