Plans by the National Institutes of Health to tackle a drug epidemic in the United States can treat only the symptoms, not the cause.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05466-6
Enlarge and better reward efforts that examine past discoveries to set policy and agendas.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05464-8
Women continue to form too small a proportion of this journal’s authors and referees.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05465-7
The restrictions exacerbate what is already a difficult situation for Russian biochemists.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05423-3
Existing policies to address the issue are ineffective, concludes a long-awaited report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05404-6
They fear the online platform will become less open, but other researchers say the buyout could make GitHub more useful.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05426-0
Some fifteen years after the human genome was sequenced, researchers still can’t agree on how many genes it contains.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05462-w
Different approach to treatment zeroes in on the silent cells that break off of tumours — and aims to keep them asleep.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05445-x
機械学習がさまざまな状況で使われるようになってきており、その基盤となるアルゴリズムを公平なものにしようと、科学者たちが取り組んでいる。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05469-3
成体幹細胞はニッチに存在していて、そこで維持、調節、保護されている。今回、進化の過程でこうしたニッチの場所が変化していったのは、保護の必要性によることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05166-1
宇宙にある通常物質の半分近くについては、存在する場所が分かっていない。今回、この見つけるのが困難な「バリオン」物質が宇宙のクモの巣のフィラメント構造の中に隠れていることが、X線観測によって示唆された。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05432-2
免疫細胞を活性化して腫瘍を破壊することは、進行した肺がんを治療する効果的な戦略であるが、一部の患者にしか有効でない。今回、初期がんの治療や併用療法にこの方法が有効である可能性を示す証拠が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05312-9
今回、サンゴ礁が十分速く成長して予測される海水準上昇に追随できる能力を評価して、サンゴ礁を回復させる手段を何も講じなければ、大半のサンゴ礁が水没してしまうことが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-04879-7
今回、壁が完璧に平らなナノスケールチャネルの気体輸送が無摩擦であることが見いだされ、気体流の古典的な理論に異議が唱えられた。この知見によって、気体分離や流量制御向けの新たなデバイスが可能になるかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05403-7
成体の腸幹細胞の維持に必要な細胞内微小環境は、長い間議論の的であった。今回、腸組織の再生に必要なタンパク質を放出する細胞が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05281-z
Less sea ice allowed ocean swells to flex weakened ice shelves in Antarctica, contributing to their collapse.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0212-1
Morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses based on the newly discovered Early Cretaceous eutherian mammal Ambolestes zhoui show that the oldest purported metatherian Sinodelphys is instead a eutherian.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0210-3
Analyses of current coral reef growth rates in the tropical western Atlantic and Indian Ocean show that few reefs will have the capacity to track sea-level rise projections under Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios without sustained ecological recovery.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0194-z
Cryo-electron microscopy is used to resolve the structure of human dynamin-related protein 1 co-assembled with its receptor mitochondrial dynamics protein of 49 kDa, along with an analysis of structure- and disease-based mutations.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0211-2
Observations of two absorbers of highly ionized oxygen in the X-ray spectrum of a quasar account for the missing baryons in the Universe.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0204-1
Coupling graphene sheets with a silicon nitride ring microresonator allows the nonlinear cavity dynamics to be altered by a gate voltage, resulting in tunable, chip-scale, optical frequency combs.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0216-x
Highly insulating silicon-based molecules, engineered so that conduction is fully suppressed by σ quantum interference even for molecules less than a nanometre long, could prove useful in molecular-scale electronic circuitry.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0197-9
Specular scattering of atoms of helium gas flowing through atomically flat, two-dimensional channels results in frictionless gas flow, which is much faster than expected assuming purely diffusive scattering.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0203-2
The electrointercalation of lithium into van der Waals heterostructures of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride and molybdenum dichalcogenides is studied at the level of individual atomic interfaces.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0205-0
Radiocarbon dating of sediment cores and ice-penetrating radar observations are used to demonstrate that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has not retreated progressively during the Holocene epoch, but has instead showed periods of retreat and re-advance.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0208-x
A subset of synaptic proteins are cumulatively phosphorylated during wakefulness and dephosphorylated during sleep, in accordance with sleep need; this may represent a common mechanism underlying regulation of both synaptic homeostasis and sleep–wake homeostasis.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0218-8
Metagenomic and soil microcosm analyses identify abundant biosynthetic gene clusters in genomes of microorganisms from a northern Californian grassland ecosystem that provide a potential source for the future development of bacterial natural products.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0207-y
Melanocytes above the haematopoietic niche protect haematopoietic stem cells from ultraviolet-light-induced DNA damage in aquatic vertebrates throughout evolution; this niche moved to the bone marrow during the transition to terrestrial life.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0213-0
GLI1-positive cells in the colon secrete Wnt ligands and thereby support homeostasis of intestinal stem cells.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0190-3
A module of co-inhibitory T cell receptors, driven by the cytokine IL-27, is identified in mice that is regulated by the transcription factors PRDM1 and c-MAF.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0206-z
The kinase Cdk9 and the phosphatase Dis2 regulate the termination of transcription in fission yeast in part by controlling the phosphorylation state of the elongation factor Spt5.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0214-z
A mechanism for the unfolding of guanine-rich DNA ‘quadruplexes’ by helicases is suggested, based on the structure of a DNA-bound helicase.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0209-9
Cryo-electron microscopy studies of distinct, catalytically active and inactive filaments of human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 reveal the structural basis of its regulation.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0201-4
