Bureaucratic drag dents Japan’s nuclear science p.147
Japan needs a better way to assess whether research reactors are safe to re-open.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08464-2
Volume 552 Number 7684
今週のハイライト
Cover Story: 凍結した時間：海洋堆積物から得られた化石花粉によって南極最大の氷床の歴史が明らかに
創薬: アルコール依存症治療薬のがんへの転用
構造生物学: TRPMチャネルの構造を見る
宇宙物理学: 星成長をつかさどる磁気ゲート
生体エネルギー学: デンキウナギの電源を模倣する
材料科学: 細胞の接着点に力を加える
地球科学: 噴火様式の変化
発生生物学: 細胞は多能性を止めて成長する
血管生物学: 糖尿病性網膜症を救済する
免疫学: Runx3によるT細胞常在性の調節
加齢: Pol III阻害が寿命を延ばす
目次
Editorials
Loss of net neutrality could harm research p.147
Moves to create a multi-speed Internet could push science into the slow lane.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07842-0
How to avoid glib interdisciplinarity p.148
To make progress on the grand challenges, authors, reviewers and editors must take the time to respect each others’ expertise and blind spots.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08465-1
News
Nine researchers sue University of Rochester over sexual-harassment allegations p.155
Lawsuit alleges that the institution mishandled complaints about cognitive scientist Florian Jaeger.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08235-z
Tasmanian tiger genome offers clues to its extinction p.156
Geneticists analyse DNA from preserved pup, more than 80 years after the last of its kind died.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08368-1
US graduate students in uproar over proposed tax hike p.157
Worries over the cost of an education spill over into protests.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07879-1
Acupuncture in cancer study reignites debate about controversial technique p.157
Large study suggests acupuncture could help women stick with unpleasant cancer treatments.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08309-y
Argentinian geoscientist faces criminal charges over glacier survey p.158
Government researcher Ricardo Villalba stands accused of shaping a study to benefit mining interests.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08236-y
News Features
The science that’s never been cited p.162
Nature investigates how many papers really end up without a single citation.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08404-0
News & Views
Developmental biology: Early embryos kept in check p.178
As pluripotent stem cells become primed to give rise to all bodily cell types, they begin to form the amniotic cavity in which the mammalian fetus will grow. A checkpoint that gates this transition has now been identified.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07436-w
Astrophysics: Stellar cannibalism in fits and starts p.179
Dense stellar remnants called white dwarfs are often found in binary star systems. Satellite observations suggest a previously unknown way in which a white dwarf can draw material from its companion star.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08286-2
Vascular biology: A dark side to omega-3 fatty acids p.180
The molecule 19,20-dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid, formed by the metabolism of a fatty acid involved in normal brain function, promotes the development of a diabetes-associated form of blindness in a mouse model.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07678-8
Ageing: Longer life through an odd Pol enzyme p.182
The evolutionarily conserved enzyme RNA polymerase III is a driver of protein synthesis and cell growth. It emerges that partial suppression of this essential enzyme extends lifespan in yeast, roundworms and flies.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07435-x
Palaeoglaciology: Antarctic ice dynamics in warm climates p.183
A geological record reveals that the Aurora sector of the Antarctic Ice Sheet showed contrasting responses to past periods of atmospheric warmth. The findings might help to predict the ice sheet’s response to modern warming.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08285-3
Infection: Viruses hijack a long non-coding RNA p.184
Manipulation of host-cell metabolism is an essential aspect of viral replication cycles. Viral co-option of a cellular long non-protein-coding RNA has now been found to be a key step in this process.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07692-w
Articles
Enhancing mitochondrial proteostasis reduces amyloid-β proteotoxicity p.187
Amyloid-β peptide proteopathies disrupt mitochondria, and restoring mitochondrial proteostasis reduces protein aggregation in animal models of amyloid-β disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature25143
Alcohol-abuse drug disulfiram targets cancer via p97 segregase adaptor NPL4 p.194
Amyloid-β peptide proteopathies disrupt mitochondria, and restoring mitochondrial proteostasis reduces protein aggregation in animal models of amyloid-β disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature25016
Electron cryo-microscopy structure of a human TRPM4 channel p.200
The structure of the Ca2+-activated, non-selective ion channel TRPM4 bound to the agonist Ca2+ and a modulator decavanadate, solved using electron cryo-microscopy.
doi: 10.1038/nature24674
Structures of the calcium-activated, non-selective cation channel TRPM4 p.205
Electron cryo-microscopy structures of mouse TRPM4, a calcium-activated, non-selective cation channel, in the apo and ATP-bound states.
doi: 10.1038/nature24997
Letters
Magnetically gated accretion in an accreting ‘non-magnetic’ white dwarf p.210
A weak magnetic field regulates magnetically gated accretion of gas from a companion star onto the white dwarf in the binary system MV Lyrae, previously labelled as a ‘non-magnetic’ system.
doi: 10.1038/nature24653
An electric-eel-inspired soft power source from stacked hydrogels p.214
Miniature hydrogel compartments in scalable stacked and folded geometries were used to prepare a contact-activated artificial electric organ.
doi: 10.1038/nature24670
Force loading explains spatial sensing of ligands by cells p.219
The formation of cellular adhesion complexes is important in normal and pathological cell activity, and is determined by the force imposed by the combined effect of the distribution of extracellular matrix molecules and substrate rigidity.
doi: 10.1038/nature24662
Initiation and long-term instability of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet p.225
Geophysical and geological data reveal increased ice-sheet variability and surface meltwater—possibly analogous to future conditions—offshore of the Aurora subglacial basin of East Antarctica during warm climate intervals of the past 50 million years.
doi: 10.1038/nature25026
Large emissions from floodplain trees close the Amazon methane budget p.230
Methane fluxes from the stems of Amazonian floodplain trees indicate that the escape of soil gas through wetland trees is the dominant source of methane emissions in the Amazon basin.
doi: 10.1038/nature24639
A compositional tipping point governing the mobilization and eruption style of rhyolitic magma p.235
Measurements of the composition-dependent viscosity of rhyolitic magma reveal a tipping point that changes the physical properties of the melt and controls the transition between effusive and explosive eruptions.
doi: 10.1038/nature24488
Pluripotent state transitions coordinate morphogenesis in mouse and human embryos p.239
Exit of epiblasts from an unrestricted naive pluripotent state is required for epithelialization and generation of the pro-amniotic cavity in mouse embryos and for amniotic cavity formation in human embryos and human embryonic stem cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature24675
Moving beyond microbiome-wide associations to causal microbe identification p.244
Triangulation of microbe–phenotype relationships is an effective method for reducing the noise inherent in microbiota studies and enabling identification of causal microbes of disease, which may be applicable to human microbiome studies.
doi: 10.1038/nature25019
Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase prevents diabetic retinopathy p.248
A product of the soluble epoxide hydrolase enzyme, 19,20-dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid (19,20-DHDP), is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy; levels of 19,20-DHDP increase in the retinas of mice and humans with diabetes, and inhibition of its production can rescue vascular abnormalities in a mouse model of the disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature25013
Runx3 programs CD8+ T cell residency in non-lymphoid tissues and tumours p.253
The transcription factor Runx3 is identified as a central regulator of the development of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells, providing insights into the signals that promote T cell residency in non-lymphoid tissues and tumours.
doi: 10.1038/nature24993
A non-canonical Notch complex regulates adherens junctions and vascular barrier function p.258
The transmembrane domain of NOTCH1 plays a key role in the assembly of adherens junctions and the non-transcriptional regulation of vascular permeability that links transcriptional programs with adhesive and cytoskeletal remodelling.
doi: 10.1038/nature24998
RNA polymerase III limits longevity downstream of TORC1 p.263
RNA polymerase III is a key evolutionarily conserved regulator of longevity that may have potential as a therapeutic target for age-related conditions.
doi: 10.1038/nature25007
piRNA-mediated regulation of transposon alternative splicing in the soma and germ line p.268
A new mechanism of pre-mRNA splicing regulation is revealed that is mediated by piRNA pathway components and is dependent on heterochromatin histone modifications.
doi: 10.1038/nature25018
KAT2A coupled with the α-KGDH complex acts as a histone H3 succinyltransferase p.273
The histone acetyl transferase KAT2A (also known as GCN5) can also catalyse histone succinylation, with the α-KGDH complex providing a local source of succinyl-CoA.
doi: 10.1038/nature25003
