カリブ海地域のハリケーンを生き延びたトカゲは、進行中の自然選択を垣間見ることのできる貴重な例である。
How lizards got their big feet p.5
Creatures that survived wild weather in the Caribbean offer a glimpse of natural selection in action.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05821-7
Creatures that survived wild weather in the Caribbean offer a glimpse of natural selection in action.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05821-7
Research has finally generated the tools to attribute heatwaves and downpours to global warming.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05839-x
The lake would be the first body of liquid water ever detected on the red planet, if observations by a European spacecraft are confirmed.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05795-6
Vaccines are mandated for children starting school in China and enjoy widespread public support.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05835-1
Top court’s ruling threatens research on gene-edited crops in the bloc.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05814-6
An observation decades in the making confirms predictions about how light behaves in an immense gravitational field.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05825-3
Policymakers have tried, unsuccessfully, to change this law for decades.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05834-2
熱波や洪水が世界各地で増加しているが、こうした極端な気候事象の地球温暖化への原因特定が気象予報で簡易判断できる日も遠くはない。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05849-9
二酸化炭素が土壌から失われる速度が、陸生植物に利用される速度よりも大きくなっていることが今回明らかになった。これは、土壌微生物がより活動的になっているためであり、炭素シンクとして機能する地表の能力が弱まっている可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05842-2
インスリンホルモンを産生する細胞に対する自己免疫攻撃は、1型糖尿病の原因になる。今回、マウスの研究によって、膵臓細胞による血流へのインスリンペプチド断片の放出が、この有害な過程の引き金となることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05710-z
今回、青いダイヤモンドにどこで色が付くかという謎が解明され、地表から下部マントルへの地球化学的経路が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05830-6
ある種のがんは神経系に浸潤しやすく、この場合、予後はより悪くなる。今回、マウスの白血病の研究によって、骨髄から中枢神経系へと直接浸潤する意外な経路が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05693-x
人工結晶の2つのファセットの境界において、予測とは反対の方向に音波が伝わり、反射が生じないことがあることが、今回明らかになった。こうした波の振る舞いには、多くの用途がある可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05806-6
今回マウスにおいて、代謝生成物のコハク酸塩分子によって、熱産生が増進され、褐色脂肪のカロリー燃焼が促進されることが分かった。この発見は、ヒトの肥満との闘いに影響を及ぼす可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05619-7
介在ニューロンと呼ばれる脳の抑制性ニューロンのさまざまなサブタイプの発生に寄与する遺伝的要因と環境要因は、よく分かっていない。今回、マウスの研究で、この過程に関する新たな知見が得られた。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05737-2
The application and development of machine-learning methods used in experiments at the frontiers of particle physics (such as the Large Hadron Collider) are reviewed, including recent advances based on deep learning.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0361-2
Analysis of more than 1,500 microbial genomes sheds light on the processing of carbon released as permafrost thaws.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0338-1
Expression of α6 integrin enables acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells to use neural migratory pathways to invade the central nervous system and metastasize to the brain.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0342-5
Sound waves in a specially designed crystal undergo ‘topologically protected’ negative refraction, whereby no reflection is allowed, at certain facets of the crystal and positive refraction at others.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0367-9
Using topology-switching metal–ligand cages to crosslink polymer networks produces gels whose chemical and mechanical properties can be radically and reversibly switched on irradiation.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0339-0
Direct coupling of aliphatic C–H nucleophiles to aryl electrophiles is described, through the combination of light-driven polyoxometalate hydrogen atom transfer and nickel catalysis.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0366-x
A multiple-proxy reconstruction for the catchment of the Limpopo River and of sea surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean provides evidence for hydroclimatic changes that may have been important in hominin evolution.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0309-6
Global soil respiration is rising, probably in response to environmental changes, suggesting that climate-driven losses of soil carbon are occurring worldwide.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0358-x
Mineral inclusions in blue boron-bearing diamonds reveal that such diamonds are among the deepest diamonds ever found and indicate a viable pathway for the deep-mantle recycling of crustal elements.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0334-5
Two populations of
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0352-3
Fish and invertebrate communities transformed across the span of the Great Barrier Reef following the 2016 bleaching event due to a decline in coral-feeding fishes resulting from coral loss, and because of different regional responses of key trophic groups to the direct effect of temperature.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0359-9
Inhibition to the null direction of motion has a critical role in the direction selectivity of neurons in ferret primary visual cortex.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0354-1
A comparative metabolomics approach is used to identify succinate as a key activator of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0353-2
A sensitive T cell tracking assay reveals immunogenic activity of specific catabolized peptide fragments of insulin and their effects on T cell activity in lymph nodes, highlighting communication between pancreatic islets and lymphoid tissue.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0341-6
53BP1 and shieldin recruit the CTC1–STN1–TEN1 complex and polymerase-α to sites of DNA damage to help control the repair of double-strand breaks.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0324-7
The 53BP1 effector complex shieldin is involved in non-homologous end-joining and immunoglobulin class switching, and acts to protect DNA ends to facilitate the repair of DNA by 53BP1.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0340-7
The specificity of 53BP1 and its co-factors for particular DNA substrates during non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) derives from REV7–shieldin, a four-subunit DNA-binding complex that is required for REV7-dependent NHEJ but not for REV7-dependent DNA interstrand cross-link repair.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0362-1
High-resolution structures of the human plasma membrane protein patched 1 alone and in complex with the native form of the ligand sonic hedgehog are determined.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0308-7