多様性は科学に有益であり、さまざまな偏りが是正されることで、より良い研究成果につながるだろう。
Science benefits from diversity p.5
Improving the participation of under-represented groups is not just fairer — it could produce better research.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05326-3
Improving the participation of under-represented groups is not just fairer — it could produce better research.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05326-3
Therapies tailored to individual tumours must not be oversold.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05323-6
Report on plant protection highlights the fragmented nature of current decision-making on agriculture.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05327-2
They say the Max Planck Society’s reaction to the indictment of Nikos Logothetis has disrupted research.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05187-w
Independent board will review agency decisions to repeal or change climate regulations and rules on the use of non-public data.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05319-2
Storms' slowdown means more rain, and potentially more damage, for populated areas.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05324-5
The European Research Council publishes its third annual impact assessment of the projects it funds.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05325-4
Award goes to biochemists Virginijus Siksnys, whose lab independently developed the gene-editing tool, Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05308-5
科学の世界では、多様な人々に門戸を開き研究にも多様性を盛り込むことが、正しい道であり、優れた競争力や成果にもつながる。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05316-5
今回、三次元形状が保存された前期白亜紀のほぼ完全な頭蓋が思いがけなく発見され、初期哺乳類の進化と生物地理学に関する深い知見が得られた。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05134-9
殺到するデータが天文学を変革しようとしているが、そうしたデータを検証する手法の選択肢は限られている。今回、ハッブル宇宙望遠鏡による高精度測定によって、切望されていた別の選択肢が可能になった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05306-7
胚のボディプランは、形成体と呼ばれる構造体によって確立される。ヒトでこの構造体が存在する証拠はこれまでなかったが、今回、幹細胞に基づくプロトコルによって、その存在が立証された。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05115-y
今回、熱帯低気圧が動く速度が、過去70年間で全球的に、特にいくつかの沿岸地域において遅くなっていることが分かった。この影響は、暴風雨による全降水量を増大させて洪水を悪化させる可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05303-w
今回、マウスの脳の個々のニューロンを記録することによって、一次視覚野における運動処理の主機構が明らかになった。こうした知見は、他の種にも影響を及ぼしそうである。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-04289-9
新たなナノ電子デバイスによって、人工ニューラルネットワークが大きく変わる可能性があるが、そのハードウエア実装は、ソフトウエア実装に後れを取っている。今回、ハードウエア実装に有利になるように局面を変える方法が開発された。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05297-5
A Review of the cues and mechanisms used by animals to navigate over long distances, with a particular emphasis on magnetoreception.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0176-1
The results of efforts to limit global mean warming to below 1.5 °C may include many possible future world climates.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0181-4
Analogue-memory-based neural-network training using non-volatile-memory hardware augmented by circuit simulations achieves the same accuracy as software-based training but with much improved energy efficiency and speed.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0180-5
An approach using multiple stable isotopes reveals that early tetrapods of the Devonian period were euryhaline animals that inhabited aquatic environments of highly variable salinity.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0159-2
A genetic atlas of the human plasma proteome, comprising 1,927 genetic associations with 1,478 proteins, identifies causes of disease and potential drug targets.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0175-2
Direction selectivity emerges de novo in layer 4 neurons of primary visual cortex through the convergence of synaptic inputs from thalamic neurons that respond with distinct time courses to visual stimuli in distinct locations.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0148-5
Observations of broadband emission from lightning on Jupiter at 600 megahertz show a lightning discharge mechanism similar to that of terrestrial lightning and indicate increased moist convection near Jupiter’s poles.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0156-5
Lattice quantum chromodynamics and a method inspired by the Feynman–Hellmann theorem are used to make a theoretical determination of the nucleon axial coupling with a precision of one per cent, giving the value 1.271 ± 0.013.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0161-8
A ‘magneto-Peltier effect’ produces cooling or heating in a material without junctions, by forcing a change in angle between the current and magnetization in a single ferromagnetic nickel slab.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0143-x
Less than 0.01 per cent by weight of water in an alkane solvent is sufficient to interact with co-dissolved supramolecular polymeric chains by hydrogen bonding and modulate the structure of the assembly.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0169-0
The translation speed of tropical cyclones has decreased globally by 10% over the past 70 years, compounding the increases in cyclone-related local rainfall that have resulted from anthropogenic warming.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0158-3
An exceptionally preserved skull of Cifelliodon wahkarmoosuch sheds light on the evolution of the ancestral mammalian brain.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0126-y
The urban-heat-island effect drives community-level shifts towards smaller body sizes; however, habitat fragmentation caused by urbanization favours larger body sizes in species with positive size–dispersal links.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0140-0
Mutagenesis of a yeast tRNA shows that the effects of mutations and how they interact varies both in magnitude and sign between genotypes.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0170-7
Shark and skate electrosensory cells use specific potassium channels to support either indiscriminate detection of electrical stimuli or selective frequency tuning, respectively, demonstrating adaptation of sensory systems through discrete molecular modifications.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0160-9
The identity and hedonic value of tastes are encoded in distinct neural substrates; in mice, the amygdala is necessary and sufficient to drive valence-specific behaviours in response to bitter or sweet taste stimuli, and the cortex can independently represent taste identity.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0165-4
Stimulation of Wnt and Nodal pathways in micropatterned human embryonic stem cell colonies induce these colonies to exhibit characteristic spatial expression patterns of the organizer and reproduce organizer function when grafted into a host embryo.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0150-y
A knock-in mutation in beclin 1 that increases autophagy in mice extends animal lifespan, improves healthspan, and also rescues early lethality in mice deficient in the anti-ageing protein klotho.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0162-7
A data-driven analysis helps to identify specific roles of the Hippo signalling kinases Mst1 and Mst2 in integrating metabolic activity and cytokine signalling in dendritic cells, and thereby orchestrating immune cell function.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0177-0