AI診断は非常に有望だが、その開発や臨床での使用は慎重に進めるべきだ。
AI diagnostics need attention p.285
Computer algorithms to detect disease show great promise, but they must be developed and applied with care.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03067-x
Computer algorithms to detect disease show great promise, but they must be developed and applied with care.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03067-x
The sleeping bear of Russian science could finally wake — and China can show it how.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03066-y
They sound dull, but data-management plans are essential, and funders must explain why.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03065-z
Blockchain could let people offer health records for research — without losing control over them.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02641-7
With corporate participation, researchers seek to build a pilot fusion energy plant within 15 years.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02966-3
Major expedition will investigate enigmatic sea-floor fault zone.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02640-8
Researchers are concerned about potential restrictions to academic freedom.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02842-0
With Vladimir Putin set to earn another presidential term, researchers wonder whether his government will reverse decades of decline.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02872-8
細胞の内容物は水中の油滴のような挙動をとるが、生物学の興味深い課題として、その理由に関心が高まっている。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03070-2
地球の上部マントル層を伝搬する地震波は、大きく減衰する。今回、一般的な考えに反して、この減衰が、水含有量ではなく、酸化条件の影響を強く受けると思われることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02828-y
哺乳類では、成熟期を通して脳の海馬でニューロンが生まれており、海馬における記憶や情緒の機能に寄与している。しかし今回、ある研究によって、この現象をヒトにも拡張できるのかについて疑問が投げ掛けられた。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02629-3
今回、小児がんを特徴付ける遺伝子変化に関する2つの分析によって、成人がんとの重要な相違が明らかになり、小児がんと闘う治療法を最適化する方法が示された。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-01648-4
今回、高次トポロジカル絶縁体と呼ばれる物質が実験的に発見され、理論予測が裏付けられるとともに、集積光学デバイスや機械デバイスのツールボックスが拡張された。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02868-4
メラニンは、多くの役割がある不思議な色素であり、病原性真菌のメラニンは宿主感染を助けることがある。今回、メラニンを認識する哺乳類のタンパク質が特定され、抗真菌防御経路が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02370-x
Analyses of genomes from 914 children, adolescents, and young adults provide a comprehensive resource of genomic alterations across a spectrum of common childhood cancers.
doi: 10.1038/nature25480
The high-resolution structure of the entire eukaryotic oligosaccharyltransferase complex is determined, revealing the role of membrane lipids in mediating inter-subunit interactions, and the mechanism by which the complex enables protein N-glycosylation.
doi: 10.1038/nature25755
Fourteen stars from stellar overdensities above and below the Galactic disk have the same elemental abundances as disk stars, suggesting that these stars originated in the disk, perhaps being removed during interaction with passing dwarf galaxies.
doi: 10.1038/nature25490
A confocal scanning technique solves the reconstruction problem of non-line-of-sight imaging to give fast and high-quality reconstructions of hidden objects.
doi: 10.1038/nature25489
A two-dimensional phononic quadrupole topological insulator is demonstrated experimentally using mechanical metamaterials, which has both the one-dimensional edge states and the zero-dimensional corner states predicted by theory.
doi: 10.1038/nature25156
A quantized quadrupole topological insulator composed of capacitively coupled microwave resonators has corner states that are protected by bulk topology and exhibit exceptional robustness against edge deformation.
doi: 10.1038/nature25777
High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at the scale of single cells is achieved by combining a magnetometer consisting of an ensemble of nitrogen–vacancy centres with a narrowband synchronized readout protocol.
doi: 10.1038/nature25781
Redox conditions and associated defect chemistry rather than water content, as previously thought, strongly influence the seismic properties of olivine, the main constituent mineral of Earth’s upper mantle.
doi: 10.1038/nature25764
A derivation of Hamilton’s rule that considers explicit environmental stochasticity can predict when organisms should pay a cost to influence the variance in the reproductive success of their relatives, formalizing the link between bet-hedging and altruism.
doi: 10.1038/nature25965
Millions of Chinese smallholder farmers were persuaded to adopt enhanced management practices, which led to a greater yield, reduced nitrogen fertilizer use and improved environmental performance throughout China.
doi: 10.1038/nature25785
In lowland tropical forests in Panama, widespread species-level phosphorus limitation of tree growth is not reflected in community-wide growth or biomass owing to the presence of a few species tolerant of low phosphorus availability.
doi: 10.1038/nature25789
Analysis of the genomes, exomes and transcriptomes of 1,699 childhood cancers identifies 142 driver genes.
doi: 10.1038/nature25795
Recruitment of young neurons to the hippocampus decreases rapidly during the first years of life, and neurogenesis does not continue, or is extremely rare, in the adult human brain.
doi: 10.1038/nature25975
The C-type lectin receptor MelLec recognizes DHN-melanin in conidial spores of Aspergillus fumigatus and other DHN-melanized fungi, revealing an important role for this receptor in antifungal immunity in both mice and humans.
doi: 10.1038/nature25974
The EWS–FLI1 fusion protein, expressed in Ewing sarcoma, increases global transcription, causes accumulation of R loops and replication stress, and impairs BRCA1-mediated repair.
doi: 10.1038/nature25748
Gonadal germline epigenetic reprogramming involves an interplay between DNA methylation, the polycomb complex and Tet1 in both DNA methylation dependent and independent roles, to ensure the activation of a specific subset of genes critical for progression of gametogenesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature25964
X-ray and cryo-electron microscopy structures of the acid-sensing ion channel ASIC1a reveal the molecular mechanisms of channel gating and desensitization.
doi: 10.1038/nature25782