The launch of the first Sentinel satellite heralds an era in which detailed data on everything from earthquakes to urbanization will be freely available to anyone interested in Earth’s future.
doi: 10.1038/508149a
Russia deserves to be sanctioned, but halting scientific collaboration is not the way to do it.
doi: 10.1038/508149b
Two Nature papers signal new roles for this ancient metal in catalysis and cancer therapy.
doi: 10.1038/508150a
Director resigns as just one clinical-trial award is made.
doi: 10.1038/508157a
Early clinical-trial results show promise for targeting cancer-related biochemical pathways.
doi: 10.1038/508158a
Questions raised over health effects of devices.
doi: 10.1038/508159a
Expectations high as first European Sentinel satellite launches.
doi: 10.1038/508160a
Agencies withhold grant money from researchers who do not make publications openly available.
doi: 10.1038/508161a
Country’s science renaissance threatened as NATO and NASA suspend links.
doi: 10.1038/508162a
Rescue bid launched to save Hainan gibbon from becoming first ape driven to extinction by humans.
doi: 10.1038/508163a
ガンジス・ブラマプトラ川のデルタに住む何百万も人々を、海面上昇と洪水から救うため、対策が急がれている。
doi: 10.1038/508164a
生物数学者Steve Horvathは、エピジェネティック標識を手がかりに、ヒトの老化を驚くほど正確に測定する方法を発見した。
doi: 10.1038/508168a
小型の小惑星の表面で岩石が割れ、さらに粉末状の岩石破片が生じる主な原因は、昼夜の気温変化であることが、実験とモデリングを組み合わせて明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13222
MTH1タンパク質は酸化されたヌクレオチドが誤ってDNAに取り込まれるのを防止している。小型分子を使ってMTH1を選択的に阻害すると腫瘍増殖が抑制されることが、2つの研究によって明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/nature13221
アフリカは大きな炭素シンクなのではないかと考えられてきた。このようなシンクは、二酸化炭素放出を低減する試みにとって大きな価値がある。だが、今回行われた解析によって、アフリカが、正味の温室効果ガス供給源となって地球温暖化を促進する可能性が示された。
doi: 10.1038/508192a
太り過ぎのマウスの脂肪細胞では、代謝経路の2つの交差点を結び付ける酵素が増加していることが分かった。この酵素をコードしている遺伝子を阻害すると、マウスは食餌誘導性の肥満を起こしにくくなる。
doi: 10.1038/508194a
光共振器中にある単一原子が、入射光子と強く相互作用して光子の状態を切り替えることが分かった。この知見は、光量子計算や光量子ネットワークへの道を開くものだ。
doi: 10.1038/508195a
紅色細菌の一種に由来する、光合成反応中心と集光アンテナタンパク質との複合体の構造から、新種の集光タンパク質が明らかになり、また電子伝達分子を、他に出口のないこの閉鎖系から脱出させるためのチャネルの存在が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13219
A spatially resolved transcriptional atlas of the mid-gestational developing human brain has been created using laser-capture microdissection and microarray technology, providing a comprehensive reference resource which also enables new hypotheses about the nature of human brain evolution and the origins of neurodevelopmental disorders.
doi: 10.1038/nature13185
In mouse, an axonal connectivity map showing the wiring patterns across the entire brain has been created using an EGFP-expressing adeno-associated virus tracing technique, providing the first such whole-brain map for a vertebrate species.
doi: 10.1038/nature13186
In order to find a general treatment for cancer, this study found that MTH1 activity is essential for the survival of transformed cells, and isolated two small-molecule inhibitors of MTH1, TH287 and TH588 — in the presence of these inhibitors, damaged nucleotides are incorporated into DNA only in cancer cells, causing cytotoxicity and eliciting a beneficial response in patient-derived mouse xenograft models.
doi: 10.1038/nature13181
A chemoproteomic screen is used here to identify MTH1 as the target of SCH51344, an experimental RAS-dependent cancer drug; a further search for inhibitors revealed (S)-crizotinib as a potent MTH1 antagonist, which suppresses tumour growth in animal models of colon cancer, and could be part of a new class of anticancer drugs.
doi: 10.1038/nature13194
The near-atomic-level structure of a complete bacterial light-harvesting antenna–reaction centre (LH1–RC) complex is described here; the structure reveals how energy is transferred from the LH1 to the RC in a highly efficient way and suggests how ubiquinone might cross a closed LH1 barrier.
doi: 10.1038/nature13197
Thermal fatigue resulting from diurnal temperature variations is shown to be the dominant means of rock fragmentation and, consequently, regolith formation on small asteroids.
doi: 10.1038/nature13153
Quantum gates — in which stationary quantum bits are combined with ‘flying’ quantum bits, that is, photons — will be essential in quantum networks; such a gate, between a laser-trapped atomic quantum bit and a single photon, is now reported.
doi: 10.1038/nature13177
Strongly coupling a photon to a single atom trapped in the near field of a nanoscale photonic crystal cavity results in a light switch which can be turned on and off with a single photon.
doi: 10.1038/nature13188
Three-dimensional dynamic computer models show how accretionary tectonic margins evolve from the initial plate-collision state, through a period of plate margin instability, and then re-establish a stable convergent margin; the models illustrate how significant curvature of the orogenic system develops, as well as the mechanism for tectonic escape of the back-arc region.
doi: 10.1038/nature13033
Epistasis has rarely been shown among natural polymorphisms in human traits; this research using advanced computation and gene expression data reveals many instances of epistasis between common single nucleotide polymorphisms in humans, with epistasis and the direction of its effect replicating in independent cohorts.
doi: 10.1038/nature13005
A local molecular clock approach shows that most genetic diversity in avian influenza virus (AIV) arose in a recent global sweep and that avian strains are the sister group to equine H7N7; most of the 1918 pandemic virus’s genes originated from the resulting western hemispheric AIV lineage.
doi: 10.1038/nature13016
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) expression is increased in white adipose tissue and liver of obese and diabetic mice, Nnmt knockdown protects against diet-induced obesity by altering the availability of adipose S-adenosylmethionine and NAD+, rendering Nnmt a novel target for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.
doi: 10.1038/nature13198
Candidate tumour suppressor ZMYND11 specifically recognizes histone K36 trimethylation on the histone variant H3.3 and helps regulate transcription elongation.
doi: 10.1038/nature13045
Here, using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy, the local oxygen tension in the bone marrow of live mice is found to be quite low, with spatiotemporal variations depending on the blood vessel type, distance to the endosteum, and changes in cellularity after stress.
doi: 10.1038/nature13034
