Too many academics study the same people p.141
Researchers should recognize communities that feel over-researched and under-rewarded.
doi: 10.1038/551141b
Volume 551 Number 7679
今週のハイライト
Cover Story: シナプスの彫刻：接着分子によってアストロサイトとニューロンの相互作用が生じる仕組み
生態学: 森林生物多様性を脅かすエッジ効果
神経科学: 老化のシグナル
構造生物学: 転写開始前複合体中のTFIIH
天文学: 非常に珍しい超新星
材料科学: ひずみを取り込むナノ双晶銅
大気化学: 積層が乱れてできた氷
進化学: 言語の進化を調べる
神経科学: 神経精神医学に関する遺伝的手掛かり
海洋科学: 海洋の微量栄養素を加減する
がん: 抵抗勢力の溜まり場
目次
Editorials
Skin regeneration with insights p.141
A feat in stem-cell therapy highlights what can be achieved when basic and clinical research combine to advance biological understanding and treatment.
doi: 10.1038/551141a
Grant recipients can still give objective advice p.142
The US environment agency should not ban researchers it funds from its advisory boards.
doi: 10.1038/551142a
News
Genetically modified apple reaches US stores, but will consumers bite? p.149
Success for the ‘Arctic apple’ could herald a new wave of lab-grown foods.
doi: 10.1038/551149a
Pay for US postdocs varies wildly by institution p.150
Analysis of universities' salary data suggests major disparities in pay for early-career researchers.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22932
Newly discovered orangutan species is also the most endangered p.151
The first new species of great ape described in more than eight decades faces threats to its habitat.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22934
US government report says that climate change is real — and humans are to blame p.152
Conclusions of climate-change science analysis are at odds with US President Donald Trump’s policies.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22958
Energy researcher sues the US National Academy of Sciences for millions of dollars p.152
Rare move stems from a conflict over two journal articles about renewable energy.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22944
Dark-matter hunt fails to find the elusive particles p.153
Physicists begin to embrace alternative explanations for the missing material.
doi: 10.1038/551153a
News Features
The bitter battle over the world’s most popular insecticides p.156
広く使われているネオニコチノイド系農薬を禁止しようという動きが、激しい論争を引き起こしている。
doi: 10.1038/551156a
News & Views
Brain technology: Neurons recorded en masse p.172
今回、シリコンプローブをマウスの脳に挿入して、約200個のニューロンの活動を同時に精密記録することができた。このツールによって、機能的な神経回路を調べる能力が改善されるはずである。
doi: 10.1038/551172a
Astronomy: The star that would not die p.173
初期には通常の超新星爆発に似ていたイベントが、600日以上にわたって輝き続けた。標準的な理論モデルでは、このイベントの特性を説明できない。
doi: 10.1038/551173a
Epitranscriptomics: Shrinking maps of RNA modifications p.174
メッセンジャーRNA（mRNA）のアデニン塩基には、N1メチル基が広く存在すると考えられていた。今回、こうした修飾はそれほど一般的でなく、トランスファーRNAを構造的に模倣したmRNA上で生じているらしいことが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature24156
Chemical biology: Organic dyes for deep bioimaging p.176
スペクトルの短波長赤外域で蛍光を発する小分子有機色素によって、in vivo生体画像化法の分解能が改善される可能性がある。今回、可視光の蛍光を発する色素を改造して、そうした色素が作られた。
doi: 10.1038/nature24755
Physical chemistry: Ice niceties p.178
コンピューターシミュレーションによって、極めて小さい氷の結晶内部の水分子は、バルク氷に見られるような配置をとる傾向がないことが示された。この知見は、気象予報に影響を及ぼす。
doi: 10.1038/551178a
Oceanography: Mixed up at the sea floor p.178
海洋の最も密度の高い水の循環は、気候の千年スケールの変化を調節している。従来の知識に反して、こうした海水が海面へ上昇する位置を海底の形が制約していることが、今回分かった。
doi: 10.1038/551178b
Neurobiology: A genetic cause of age-related decline p.179
今回、神経ペプチドのシグナル伝達経路の遺伝的多様性が、加齢に伴う線虫の健康の衰えを調節していることが分かった。この発見は、老化の個体差に影響を及ぼす機構を示している。
doi: 10.1038/551179a
Articles
Abyssal ocean overturning shaped by seafloor distribution p.181
The geometry of the ocean floor sets key regime transitions in the circulation of deep ocean waters.
doi: 10.1038/nature24472
Creation of forest edges has a global impact on forest vertebrates p.187
Fragmentation of forest ecosystems produces forest edges, which affect the distribution of many analysed vertebrate species; smaller-bodied amphibians, larger reptiles and medium-sized mammals experience a larger reduction in suitable habitat than other forest-core species.
doi: 10.1038/nature24457
Astrocytic neuroligins control astrocyte morphogenesis and synaptogenesis p.192
Astrocyte morphogenesis depends on interactions between astrocytic neuroligins and neuronal neurexins.
doi: 10.1038/nature24638
Genetic variation in glia–neuron signalling modulates ageing rate p.198
Identifying the gene polymorphisms that are the foundations of variation in glia–neuron signalling in Caenorhabditis elegans provides insight into highly variable age-related declines in worm behaviours.
doi: 10.1038/nature24463
Structures of transcription pre-initiation complex with TFIIH and Mediator p.204
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the yeast pre-initiation complex (PIC) and its complex with core Mediator provide insights into the opening of promoter DNA and the initiation of transcription.
doi: 10.1038/nature24282
Letters
Energetic eruptions leading to a peculiar hydrogen-rich explosion of a massive star p.210
Observations of an event (several energetic eruptions leading to a terminal explosion that is surprisingly hydrogen-rich) with the spectrum of a supernova do not match with other observations of supernovae.
doi: 10.1038/nature24030
History-independent cyclic response of nanotwinned metals p.214
In copper components containing highly oriented nanotwins, correlated ‘necklace’ dislocations moving back and forth offer an unusually fatigue-resistant response to engineering stress.
doi: 10.1038/nature24266
Role of stacking disorder in ice nucleation p.218
Stacking-disordered ice crystallites are shown to have an ice nucleation rate much higher than predicted by classical nucleation theory, which needs to be taken into account in cloud modelling.
doi: 10.1038/nature24279
Detecting evolutionary forces in language change p.223
Analyses of digital corpora of annotated texts reveal the influence of stochastic drift versus selection in grammatical shifts in English and provide a general method for quantitatively testing theories of language change.
doi: 10.1038/nature24455
Kctd13 deletion reduces synaptic transmission via increased RhoA p.227
Experimental evidence that global Kctd13 reduction leads to increased RhoA levels that reduce synaptic transmission, implicating RhoA as a potential therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with copy-number variants that include KCTD13.
doi: 10.1038/nature24470
Fully integrated silicon probes for high-density recording of neural activity p.232
New silicon probes known as Neuropixels are shown to record from hundreds of neurons simultaneously in awake and freely moving rodents.
doi: 10.1038/nature24636
Ultra-selective looming detection from radial motion opponency p.237
The discovery of a visual-looming-sensitive neuron, LPLC2, that provides input to the Drosophila escape pathway, and uses dendrites patterned to integrate directionally selective inputs to selectively encode outward motion.
doi: 10.1038/nature24626
Nutrient co-limitation at the boundary of an oceanic gyre p.242
Nutrient amendment experiments at the boundary of the South Atlantic gyre reveal extensive regions in which nitrogen and iron are co-limiting, with other micronutrients also approaching co-deficiency; such limitations potentially increase phytoplankton community diversity.
doi: 10.1038/nature24063
Drug-tolerant persister cancer cells are vulnerable to GPX4 inhibition p.247
Cancer persister cells, which survive cytotoxic treatments, are shown to be sensitive to inhibition of the lipid hydroperoxidase GPX4.
doi: 10.1038/nature24297
The m1A landscape on cytosolic and mitochondrial mRNA at single-base resolution p.251
Transcriptome-wide mapping of N1-methyladenosine (m1A) at single-nucleotide resolution reveals m1A to be scarce in cytoplasmic mRNA, to inhibit translation, and to be highly dynamic at a single site in a mitochondrial mRNA.
doi: 10.1038/nature24456
