A swift and effective response to emerging infectious diseases demands that researchers have ready access to the latest data on the pathogens responsible. There is still a long way to go to ensure this.
doi: 10.1038/530129a
Jimmy Carter’s efforts to eradicate Guinea worm should be applauded.
doi: 10.1038/530130a
Governments must stop proposing solutions and invest in large-scale removal of carbon dioxide.
doi: 10.1038/530130b
Blazes have encroached on ecosystems that date back more than 180 million years.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19308
US science agencies threaten harsh penalties, but many have yet to take action.
doi: 10.1038/530138a
ASTRO-H will carry a technology that two earlier, ill-fated space telescopes failed to put into action.
doi: 10.1038/530140a
Amgen posts three studies at new online channel for discussing reproducibility.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19269
But federal law prevents regulators from approving the technique.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19290
Obtaining conclusive evidence either way could take years, say researchers.
doi: 10.1038/530142a
半導体業界は、ムーアの法則の終焉を公式に発表しようとしているが、これは新たな技術革新の時代の幕開けを意味している。
doi: 10.1038/530144a
論文を投稿してから出版されるまでにかかる時間がどんどん長くなっているといわれるが、本当にそうだろうか。
doi: 10.1038/530148a
統合失調症の発症リスクと強い関連がある一連の遺伝的多様性が今回明らかにされ、この破壊的疾患の神経生物学的性質についての手掛かりが得られた。
doi: 10.1038/nature16874
新たにマッピングされた北極海海底の地形は、北極海盆がかつては厚さ1 kmの流動する棚氷に覆われていたことを示唆している。この棚氷はシベリア東部、カナダ領北極圏とバレンツ海にあった広大な氷床に由来するものである。
doi: 10.1038/nature16878
マウスで不可逆的な老化状態に陥った細胞を選択的に除去すると寿命が伸び、一部の老化関連疾患過程が軽減することが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature16875
レーザーで励起したプラズマ波によって加速された電子を第二のプラズマ波に注入する方法は、2段電子加速器に相当する。こうした過程を100回行えば、衝突型加速器への応用が可能になる。
doi: 10.1038/530165a
ポータブルなゲノム塩基配列解読装置を使えば、エボラウイルス感染者由来のウイルスRNA試料を使って、対策本部の塩基配列解読装置からデータを受け取るのに必要な期間より最大で数週間早く、ゲノム塩基配列を解読できることが今回立証された。
doi: 10.1038/530167a
DNA中に二本鎖切断を生じさせる際にマウスの遺伝子Prdm9が果たす役割は、この遺伝子が種分化で果たす役割と考えられていたものと結び付くことが、この遺伝子の「ヒト化」版を使った実験によって明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature16870
回折限界を超えてX線結晶構造の分解能を向上させる方法が考案された。これは「回折パターンがあいまいな」結晶を作るタンパク質の構造可視化技術の改善に役立ちそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/530168a
惑星は、新たに形成された恒星の回りを囲む、塵とガスの円盤から成長する。4つのこのような系で円盤中にギャップが観察され、惑星形成過程の解明を始めることができそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/530169a
PRDM9 is a DNA-binding protein that controls the position of double-strand breaks in meiosis, and the gene that encodes it is responsible for hybrid infertility between closely related mouse species; this hybrid infertility is eliminated by introducing the zinc-finger domain sequence from the human version of the PRDM9 gene, a change which alters both the position of double-strand breaks and the symmetry of PRDM9 binding and suggests that PRDM9 may have a more general but transient role in the early stages of speciation.
doi: 10.1038/nature16931
Schizophrenia is associated with genetic variation at the major histocompatibility complex locus; this study reveals that alleles at this locus associate with schizophrenia in proportion to their tendency to generate greater expression of complement component 4 (C4A) genes and that C4 promotes the elimination of synapses.
doi: 10.1038/nature16549
When senescent cells accumulate during adulthood they negatively influence lifespan and promote age-dependent changes in several organs; clearance of these cells delayed tumorigenesis in mice and attenuated age-related deterioration of several organs without overt side effects, suggesting that the therapeutic removal of senescent cells may be able to extend healthy lifespan.
doi: 10.1038/nature16932
Laser-plasma particle accelerators offer much higher acceleration than conventional methods, which could enable high-energy applications; here two separate accelerator stages, driven by two independent lasers, are coupled using plasma-based optics.
doi: 10.1038/nature16525
Spontaneous translational symmetry breaking is experimentally observed in a dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate of dysprosium atoms, whereby an instability causes a spontaneous transition from an unstructured superfluid to an ordered arrangement of droplet crystals, which is surprisingly long-lived.
doi: 10.1038/nature16485
In material systems with several interacting degrees of freedom, the complex interplay between these factors can give rise to exotic phases; now superlattices consisting of alternating layers of PbTiO3 and SrTiO3 are found to exhibit an unusual form of ferroelectric ordering in the PbTiO3 layers, in which the electric dipoles arrange themselves into regular, ordered arrays of vortex–antivortex structures.
doi: 10.1038/nature16463
Crystal lattice disorder, which gives rise to a continuous diffraction pattern, is exploited to determine the structure of the integral membrane protein complex photosystem II to a higher resolution than could be achieved using Bragg diffraction alone.
doi: 10.1038/nature16949
A reconstruction of changes in ocean oxygenation throughout the last glacial cycle shows that respired carbon was removed from the deep Southern Ocean during deglaciation and Antarctic warm events, consistent with a prominent role of reduced iron fertilization and enhanced ocean ventilation, modifying atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 80,000 years.
doi: 10.1038/nature16514
An analysis of above-ground biomass recovery during secondary succession in forest sites and plots, covering the major environmental gradients in the Neotropics.
doi: 10.1038/nature16512
A substantial revision to the age of the Chorora Formation, Ethiopia, constraining the deposits to around 8 million years old and forming a revised age constraint for the human–gorilla lineage split.
doi: 10.1038/nature16510
The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus to the nucleus accumbens pathway mediates physical signs and aversive memory of opiate withdrawal.
doi: 10.1038/nature16954
Until recently, complex multi-parameters were required for the isolation and identification of haematopoietic stem cells, complicating study of their biology in situ; here the authors have found that expression of a single gene, Hoxb5, defines haematopoietic stem cells with long-term reconstitution capacity, and that these cells are mainly found in direct contact with endothelial cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature16943
A nanopore DNA sequencer is used for real-time genomic surveillance of the Ebola virus epidemic in the field in Guinea; the authors demonstrate that it is possible to pack a genomic surveillance laboratory in a suitcase and transport it to the field for on-site virus sequencing, generating results within 24 hours of sample collection.
doi: 10.1038/nature16996
Structural and functional characterizations show that the specificity of the Plasmodium falciparum proteasome is sufficiently unique from that of the human proteasome to allow selective targeting with inhibitors.
doi: 10.1038/nature16936
Although several X-ray crystal structures of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been reported, relatively little is known about the conformational dynamics of these important membrane proteins; here, the authors used NMR spectroscopy to monitor the conformational changes that occur in the turkey β1-adrenergic receptor in the presence of antagonists, partial agonists, and full agonists.
doi: 10.1038/nature16577
