A US Research Integrity Advisory Board is long overdue. Such a leadership body would mitigate bad practices and strengthen good research.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07330-5
Worrying disconnect between emissions rhetoric and real-world trends highlights urgent need for nations to honour their pledges.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07273-x
Creating a culture of replication takes prizes, grants and magnanimity — as well as publications.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07325-2
Astronomers expand ideas of how chemistry and geology could affect chances for life on other worlds.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.23023
Tool to scrutinize research papers identifies mistakes in gene sequences.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.23003
Sensitive radio dishes of the Square Kilometre Array will affect phone reception — and could harm local economies, say farmers.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22998
TB remains a big killer despite the development of a better test for detecting the disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.23000
Some top researchers prosper in Hungary as country tries to improve its international standing in science.
doi: 10.1038/551425a
最も研究されたヒト遺伝子をPubMedデータベースで分析すると、意外なことが見えてくる。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07291-9
ペプチドローディング複合体は、脊椎動物のキラーT細胞を活性化して免疫反応を開始するのに重要である。今回、その構造が決定され、免疫防御を改善する情報が得られる可能性が出てきた。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07268-8
雷雨が核反応のきっかけになり得るという今回の発見によって、大気電気の物理に関する知見が得られ、地球上のこれまで知られていなかった天然の放射性同位体源が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07266-w
免疫療法は、T細胞を再活性化して腫瘍細胞を破壊する。今回、腫瘍細胞とT細胞の相互作用のモデリングによって、特定の腫瘍細胞が標的になる理由が示唆され、免疫療法の転帰の予測が改善された。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07267-9
大規模な研究によって、世界中の科学者から送られた試料のDNA配列が解析され、微生物の多様性が評価されている。今回、その第一弾の成果を用いて、オープンアクセスの情報源が作られた。
doi: 10.1038/nature24756
有機分子の炭素–水素結合を切断して、他の化学基を炭素原子に付けることができるが、そうした反応は限られている。触媒パラジウム錯体は、こうした反応に新たな機会を開く。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07270-0
m6Aメチル化と呼ばれる過程を通したメッセンジャーRNAの修飾は、神経前駆細胞におけるRNAレベルの動的な時間調節を促進し、発生中の脳の神経回路の微調整を可能にする。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07269-7
The fossil of a gliding mammal from the Jurassic period sheds light on both the evolution of gliding and the development of the middle ear, as it has a previously unseen five-ossicle auditory system.
doi: 10.1038/nature24483
As phase 1 of the Earth Microbiome Project, analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences from more than 27,000 environmental samples delivers a global picture of the basic structure and drivers of microbial distribution.
doi: 10.1038/nature24621
A new DNA ‘base editor’ can change targeted A•T base pairs to G•C, allowing disease-associated mutations to be corrected and disease-suppressing mutations to be introduced into cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature24644
A high-resolution structure of the human ribosome determined by cryo-electron microscopy visualizes numerous RNA modifications that are concentrated at functional sites with an extended shell, and suggests the possibility of designing more specific ribosome-targeting drugs.
doi: 10.1038/nature24482
High-resolution X-ray spectra show near-solar abundances of chromium, manganese and nickel with respect to iron in the Perseus cluster, suggesting that the progenitors of type Ia supernovae could be near- and sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarfs.
doi: 10.1038/nature24301
Ground-based observations during a thunderstorm provide conclusive evidence of positrons being produced after lightning, confirming that lightning can trigger photonuclear reactions.
doi: 10.1038/nature24630
In a step towards hybrid quantum networks, a quantum state can be transferred between two fundamentally different systems—a cold atomic ensemble and a solid-state crystal—by a single photon.
doi: 10.1038/nature24468
Using a ligand as a promoter enhances the reactivity of the palladium catalyst in non-directed C–H functionalization of arenes, enabling the arene to be used as the limiting reagent.
doi: 10.1038/nature24632
A reaction between iron and water at the high pressure and temperature of the lowermost mantle is described that produces hydrogen-bearing iron peroxide, which has the properties expected of the ultralow-velocity zones at Earth’s core–mantle boundary.
doi: 10.1038/nature24461
doi: 10.1038/nature24486
The calcium-sensing protein synaptotagmin 7 mediates facilitation that is masked by depression, but supports frequency-invariant transmission in mouse cerebellar and vestibular synapses.
doi: 10.1038/nature24474
Quantitive microbiome profiling reveals that total microbial load is an important determinant of enterotypes and may be a key driver of microbiota alterations in patients with Crohn’s disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature24460
The analysis of T-cell antigens in long-term survivors of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma suggests that neoantigen immunogenicity and quality, not purely quantity, correlate with survival.
doi: 10.1038/nature24462
An immune fitness model for tumours under checkpoint blockade immunotherapy is proposed, through which the authors show that the presentation and recognition properties of dominant neoantigens distributed over tumour subclones are predictive of response in melanoma and lung cancer cohorts.
doi: 10.1038/nature24473
Crystal structures of the nucleotide sugar transporter Vrg4 are reported in both the substrate-free and the bound states.
doi: 10.1038/nature24464
Electron cryo-microscopy structures of the human peptide-loading complex shed light on its operation and on the onset of adaptive immune responses.
doi: 10.1038/nature24627
