It is time for scientists and politicians alike to constructively engage with core issues — from climate change and energy independence to social inequality.
doi: 10.1038/539329a
Establishing a Martian outpost is likely to bring many of the same societal problems we face on Earth.
doi: 10.1038/539330b
The first person to invoke the ‘man on the street’ has been identified, but sometimes maths is just too difficult to make simple.
doi: 10.1038/539330a
Climate-change and immigration policies raise alarm, but much of the incoming US president's agenda is simply unknown.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20971
Most surveys did not predict Donald Trump’s victory over Hillary Clinton.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20968
Davide Vannoni is barred from offering a controversial stem-cell therapy in Italy but may be continuing his work abroad.
doi: 10.1038/539340a
At a conference in San Francisco, a group drafted proposals to add more planets, instruments and other science icons to the keyboard.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20960
Country's progress on public health and science prompts funding shift to more-troubled nations.
doi: 10.1038/539342a
Journal experiments and surveys suggest scientists are coming round to the idea of publishing review reports.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20969
南大洋の海水は、人間活動によって生じた熱と炭素の大部分を吸収して地球温暖化を遅らせてきたが、この機能は長くは続かないかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/539346a
ランダムレーザーは無秩序な構造を使って光を発生させる装置で、通常は光を多方向へ放射する。平行ビームを生成できるランダムレーザーは、画像化からセキュリティースキャンまで、さまざまな応用が可能である。
doi: 10.1038/nature20477
他のタンパク質が折りたたまれるのを助けるシャペロンのHsp70分子は、主に折りたたまれていないタンパク質に結合すると考えられていた。だが今回、Hsp70はほとんど完全に折りたたまれたタンパク質も安定化することが、1分子実験によって示唆された。
doi: 10.1038/nature20470
地球深部の主要な不連続帯であるスラブ・マントル境界では、流体の元素濃度とpHに強い勾配が存在することがモデルによって示された。この変化は全球規模での地球化学的輸送に関する我々の理解を変えるものだ。
doi: 10.1038/539362a
哺乳類の睡眠は、ノンレム睡眠とレム睡眠の2相から構成されている。大規模な遺伝学的スクリーニングによって、マウスではこれら2種類の睡眠状態のバランスがSleepyとDreamlessと命名された変異によって変化することが明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/nature20471
構成分子の性質によって伸縮性と修復性を持つようになったポリマー半導体が作られた。これは人間の皮膚を模倣した精巧な有機電子表面の開発に向けた第一段階といえる。
doi: 10.1038/539365a
嫌気性微生物が、炭化水素のブタンを、嫌気的メタン酸化に一部が似ている経路によって分解していることが明らかになった。このブタン分解経路の利用によってバイオ燃料の生産が可能になるかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/539367a
A review into the complex effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the dopamine system, examining data from animal and human studies and discussing the necessary future direction of research.
doi: 10.1038/nature20153
Two mutations affecting the sleep–wakefulness balance in mice are detected, showing that the SIK3 protein kinase is essential for determining daily wake time, and the NALCN cation channel regulates the duration of rapid eye movement sleep.
doi: 10.1038/nature20142
These preclinical studies outline a CRISPR-based methodology for correcting β-globin gene mutations in haematopoietic stem cells to advance the development of next-generation therapies for β-haemoglobinopathies.
doi: 10.1038/nature20134
Human tumours with mutations in LKB1 and Kras have a specific hypermetabolic state associated with increased DNA methylation, pointing to potential metabolic and epigenetic vulnerabilities of specific tumours.
doi: 10.1038/nature20132
Anaerobic archaea enriched in thermophilic microbial consortia completely degrade butane by modifying mechanisms which were hitherto thought to be specific to methane metabolism.
doi: 10.1038/nature20152
A model of the Moon’s tidal evolution, starting from the fast-spinning, high-obliquity Earth that would be expected after a giant impact, reveals that solar perturbations on the Moon’s orbit naturally produce the current lunar inclination and Earth’s low obliquity.
doi: 10.1038/nature19846
A cryogenic thermal imaging technique that uses a superconducting quantum interference device fabricated on the tip of a sharp pipette can be used to image the thermal signature of extremely low power nanometre-scale dissipation processes.
doi: 10.1038/nature19843
Introducing non-covalent crosslinking moieties to polymer semiconductors produces a stretchable and healable material suitable for wearable electronics.
doi: 10.1038/nature20102
Rapid vertical transport of small aerosol particles from the free troposphere to the atmospheric boundary layer occurs during precipitation and maintains the population of aerosol particles over Amazonia.
doi: 10.1038/nature19819
A thermodynamic model of fluid pH and its variability in Earth’s mantle and subducting crust highlights chemical feedbacks that connect deep Earth to surface processes.
doi: 10.1038/nature20103
Variation in plant nutrient levels suppresses insect herbivore populations and the homogenous nutrient content of modern agricultural crops could be contributing to insect pest outbreaks.
doi: 10.1038/nature20140
Calcium signalling in astrocytes, driven through the octopamine/tyramine receptor and the TRP channel Water witch, is essential for neuromodulation and sensory responses in Drosophila larvae.
doi: 10.1038/nature20145
Transcription of a long non-coding RNA, known as upperhand (Uph) located upstream of the HAND2 transcription factor is required to maintain transcription of the Hand2 gene by RNA polymerase, and blockade of Uph expression leads to heart defects and embryonic lethality in mice.
doi: 10.1038/nature20128
Modulation of PI3Kγ activity regulates macrophage polarization during inflammation and cancer, whilst combining PI3Kγ inhibition with immune checkpoint inhibitors leads to synergistic tumour-inhibitory effects.
doi: 10.1038/nature19834
Targeting tumour-infiltrating suppressive myeloid cells with a selective PI3Kγ inhibitor overcomes resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy in various mouse myeloid-rich tumour models.
doi: 10.1038/nature20554
Hsp70 binds unfolded protein segments in its groove, but can also bind and stabilize folded protein structures, owing to its moveable lid, with ATP hydrolysis and co-chaperones allowing control of these contrasting effects.
doi: 10.1038/nature20137
Various cis-regulatory functions of genomic loci that produce long non-coding RNAs are revealed, including instances where their promoters have enhancer-like activity and the lncRNA transcripts themselves are not required for activity.
doi: 10.1038/nature20149
