As public pressure builds for drug companies to make more results available from clinical trials, the industry should not forget that it relies on collective goodwill to test new therapies.
doi: 10.1038/505131a
Teams aimed at preventing violence on campus can offer a lifeline to those in crisis.
doi: 10.1038/505131b
How two world wars affected scientific research, and vice versa.
doi: 10.1038/505132a
Disclosures and resignations reveal scientific concerns over methods of Italy’s Stamina Foundation.
doi: 10.1038/505139a
Tensions as open-access initiative goes live — without the field’s leading journal.
doi: 10.1038/505141a
But they do little to alter the process of drug development.
doi: 10.1038/505142a
Swarms of small satellites set to deliver close to real-time imagery of swathes of the planet.
doi: 10.1038/505143a
Reforms to commercial and academic research systems still needed despite reaching spending milestone, say scientists.
doi: 10.1038/505144a
膨大な量の写真、音声データを用いて「深層学習（deep learning）」をさせることで、コンピューターが真の人工知能へと次第に近付いてきている。
doi: 10.1038/505146a
暴力事件の発生をきっかけに、キャンパスの安全を保つための脅威評価制度を取り入れる大学が増えているが、この方式はうまく機能するだろうか。
doi: 10.1038/505150a
シグナル伝達分子のWntは、組織中を拡散していくことで生物の発生を誘導すると考えられてきた。だがショウジョウバエでは、主要なWntタンパク質を移動できない状態にしてやっても、ほぼ正常な付属器を持つ個体に成長することが分かった。発生に関する我々の知識へのこの知見の関わりついて、2人の研究者が論じている。
doi: 10.1038/nature12848
流動電池では、電気活性材料の溶液を電気化学セル内に流すことによってエネルギーが発生する。こうした材料は金属塩であることが多く、非金属電気活性材料は大規模エネルギー貯蔵への道を開くと考えられる。
doi: 10.1038/505163a
患者が必要とする薬剤投与量は個々に異なるし、それに対する応答も方もさまざまである。ラットで薬剤の血中濃度を継続的に監視できるようにする汎用手法が考案され、これは患者ごとに異なる投薬量決定への道を開くものとなりそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/505165a
超伝導量子回路は最も感度の高い磁力計の中核技術である。極低温原子気体を使ってこれに類似したデバイスが今回実現されたが、これは回転検出へ応用できる可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/nature12846
2つの結晶構造から、ヒトおよびサルの免疫不全ウイルスのVifとVpxというタンパク質が、細胞のタンパク質分解装置を再プログラム化することで、宿主防御網への侵入を仲介することが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/505167a
Examination of demographic age trajectories for species from a wide range of taxonomic groups shows that these species have very diverse life-history patterns; mortality and reproduction vary greatly with age for both long- and short-lived species, and the relationships between ageing, mortality and reproduction are clearly complex.
doi: 10.1038/nature12789
Whole-genome analysis of the elephant shark, a cartilaginous fish, shows that it is the slowest evolving of all known vertebrates, lacks critical bone formation genes and has an unusual adaptive immune system.
doi: 10.1038/nature12826
Replacement of the wingless (wg) gene in Drosophila with one that expresses a membrane-tethered form of Wg results in viable flies with normally patterned appendages of nearly the right size; early wg transcription and memory of signalling ensure continued target-gene expression in the absence of Wg release, even though the spread of Wg could boost cell proliferation.
doi: 10.1038/nature12879
Observations of local galaxy I Zw 18 imply that the dust mass in star-forming, metal-poor environments is much lower than expected, and, therefore, that the amount of dust in young galaxies of the early Universe, such as redshift-6.6 galaxy Himiko, is probably a factor of about 100 less than previously thought.
doi: 10.1038/nature12765
High-quality graphene is grown on copper and then transferred to the underlying substrate, typically silicon oxide or quartz, by simply etching away the copper; the graphene is held in place during etching by capillary bridges.
doi: 10.1038/nature12763
Flow batteries, in which the electro-active components are held in fluid form external to the battery itself, are attractive as a potential means for regulating the output of intermittent renewable sources of electricity; an aqueous flow battery based on inexpensive commodity chemicals is now reported that also has the virtue of enabling further improvement of battery performance through organic chemical design.
doi: 10.1038/nature12909
A method of selectively activating both allylic carbon–hydrogen bonds and carbon–carbon bonds can furnish sophisticated molecular scaffolds with all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centres that can themselves be derivatized.
doi: 10.1038/nature12761
Drilling by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program has recovered primitive, modally layered, orthopyroxene-bearing cumulate rocks from the lower plutonic crust formed at a fast-spreading ridge, leading to a better-constrained estimate of the bulk composition of fast-spreading oceanic crust.
doi: 10.1038/nature12778
A comprehensive study into the effects of polymorphisms on gene expression dynamics during a 12-hour development period of Caenorhabditis elegans shows that both cis and trans expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) can increase and decrease gene expression, depending on the time point, and that trans eQTLs can act as modifiers of expression during a given period of development.
doi: 10.1038/nature12772
HMGA2 promotes lung cancer progression in mice and humans; in mouse and human lung cancer cells, HMGA2 competes with mRNAs like TGFBR3 for the let-7 microRNA family, and in human non-small-cell lung cancer tissue, expression levels of HMGA2 and TGFBR3 are correlated, suggesting that HMGA2 functions both as a protein-coding gene and as a non-coding RNA.
doi: 10.1038/nature12785
The bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis in mammals and zebrafish are shown to preferentially recruit and infect permissive macrophages while evading microbicidal ones.
doi: 10.1038/nature12799
Using long-term intravital photography to explore the cellular changes after compression-induced traumatic brain injury in a murine model, it is shown that parenchymal and meningeal inflammation as well as cell death can be modulated by topical treatment with purinergic receptor antagonists and glutathione.
doi: 10.1038/nature12808
This study provides a crystal structure of the Vif–CBF-β–CUL5–ELOB–ELOC complex, which shows that Vif mimics the action of SOCS2 to interact with CUL5 and ELOC.
doi: 10.1038/nature12884
The crystal structure of a ternary complex of the lentiviral accessory protein Vpx with the E3 ligase substrate adaptor DCAF1 and the HIV-1 restriction factor SAMHD1 shows how Vpx recruits SAMHD1 to the cell’s ubiquitination machinery.
doi: 10.1038/nature12815
Saccharomyces cerevisiae bearing engineered alginate and mannitol catabolic pathways can ferment sugars from brown macroalgae to produce ethanol, potentially allowing the use of brown macroalgae as a viable feedstock for the production of biofuels and renewable chemicals.
doi: 10.1038/nature12771
Femtosecond crystallography with an X-ray free-electron laser is used to analyse micrometre-sized protein crystals, generating a high-resolution structure of the protein without previous knowledge of what it looks like.
doi: 10.1038/nature12773
