異常気象につながる太平洋の温度上昇を早期に捉えられるよう、観測態勢の立て直しを図るべきだ。
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An international effort is needed to restore an early-warning system for the vast warming of the Pacific Ocean that leads to extreme weather worldwide.
doi: 10.1038/505585a
An international effort is needed to restore an early-warning system for the vast warming of the Pacific Ocean that leads to extreme weather worldwide.
doi: 10.1038/505585a
Europe’s proposed climate targets fire the starting gun on the long build-up to Paris 2015.
doi: 10.1038/505585b
Celebrating the many achievements of crystallography.
doi: 10.1038/505586a
South Korean researcher reveals the fallout he faced from his tip-offs about former cloning fraudster Woo Suk Hwang.
doi: 10.1038/505593a
West Virginia radio observatory seeks money from partners to fend off closure by the National Science Foundation.
doi: 10.1038/505594a
Just squeezing or bathing cells in acidic conditions can readily reprogram them into an embryonic state.
doi: 10.1038/505596a
Critics fear that Europe’s proposed energy goals and emissions cuts are too soft.
doi: 10.1038/505597a
Switch to food and fragrances risks consumer rejection.
doi: 10.1038/505598a
Researchers rally as government shuns international ties.
doi: 10.1038/505599a
この100年、結晶学は薬の設計から火星の土壌試料の分析まで、科学の幅広い分野の進歩に役立ってきた。
doi: 10.1038/505601a
ドイツのノーベル賞科学者ラウエによるX線回折の発見以来100年間の、結晶学のさまざまな成果を振り返る。
doi: 10.1038/505602a
強力なX線自由電子レーザー（XFEL）の開発、およびそれを利用する研究競争が世界各国で繰り広げられている。
doi: 10.1038/505604a
結晶学で使われるX線源として、長い間最も多く使われてきたのはシンクロトロンである。だが、X線自由電子レーザーの登場によって競争が始まった。このフォーラムでは、シンクロトロン使用に熟達した研究者と自由電子レーザーを支持する研究者が、それぞれが「ひいき」とするX線源を構造生物学で使用する場合の見通しについて論じている。
doi: 10.1038/505620a
細胞内の全てのRNAについて、折りたたみ方を調べた3つの研究が発表された。RNAには多数の二次構造があることが分かり、その一部は細胞の機能に影響している可能性が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/505621a
分化した細胞が、物理的刺激を加えることで胚に似た状態に再プログラム化された。このような処理によって、胚と胎盤の両方の形成に寄与する新しい細胞集団が生じた。
doi: 10.1038/505622a
褐色矮星は、十分発達した恒星になるだけの質量を持っていない天体である。このような天体の1つの高分解能マップによって、これらの風変わりな天体の天候が非常に変わりやすいことを示すさらなる証拠が得られた。
doi: 10.1038/505625a
交尾をめぐる雄同士の競争は、雌にとって有害な結果を招くことが多い。だが、ショウジョウバエの雄は血縁間では行動を変え、兄弟に対する場合は攻撃行動が抑制され、その結果、雌の繁殖期間が長くなることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature12853
磁気単極子、つまり1個の磁荷しか持たない粒子はいまだかつて見つかったことがない。今回、こうした粒子に類似したものが、極低温のルビジウム原子雲中で生成されたことが報告された。
doi: 10.1038/505627a
Unexpected diversity in the asteroids in the main asteroid belt holds clues to mixing via planetary migration in the early Solar System.
doi: 10.1038/nature12908
Evolutionary study of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) repertoires and expression patterns in 11 tetrapod species identifies approximately 11,000 primate-specific lncRNAs and 2,500 highly conserved lncRNAs, including approximately 400 genes that are likely to have ancient origins; many lncRNAs, particularly ancient ones, are actively regulated and may function mainly in embryonic development.
doi: 10.1038/nature12943
One of two papers describing a reprogramming phenomenon called stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency (STAP) — in STAP, lineage-committed adult somatic cells are reprogrammed to pluripotency by transient exposure to low-pH treatment, and extensive analysis of the molecular features and developmental potential of STAP cells indicates that they represent a unique state of pluripotency.
doi: 10.1038/nature12968
Human protein ANP32E is a histone chaperone that promotes removal of H2A.Z from chromatin.
doi: 10.1038/nature12922
A map of the surface of a brown dwarf reveals features that suggest patchy clouds, providing the mechanism for the dispersal of atmospheric dust as brown dwarfs cool with age.
doi: 10.1038/nature12955
Dirac magnetic monopoles are created, directly imaged and identified in real space in the synthetic magnetic field produced by a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate.
doi: 10.1038/nature12954
Intermolecular Coulombic decay driven by resonant Auger decay can be used to produce low-energy electrons selectively from chosen molecular or atomic sites and with tunable energies, with possible applications in radiation therapy.
doi: 10.1038/nature12936
Intermolecular Coulombic decay transfers excess energy to neighbouring molecules, which then lose a low-energy (and, hence, genotoxic) electron; here the process is experimentally confirmed to be site-selective and highly efficient, possibly enabling more targeted radiation therapy.
doi: 10.1038/nature12927
A tropical cyclone activity index that allows for a direct comparison between the modern instrumental record and long-term palaeotempest (prehistoric tropical cyclone) records shows that present low levels of storm activity on the mid west and northeast coasts of Australia are unprecedented over the past 550 to 1,500 years.
doi: 10.1038/nature12882
Relatedness can affect fitness through modulation of intrasexual competition in Drosophila melanogaster; male competition and female harm are lower when three related males compete over an unrelated female than when three unrelated males compete, but when two brothers and an unrelated male compete, the unrelated male sires twice as many offspring as either brother, suggesting that minorities of unrelated competitors may be able to infiltrate coalitions of relatives.
doi: 10.1038/nature12949
One of two papers describing a reprogramming phenomenon called stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency (STAP) — in STAP, lineage-committed adult somatic cells are reprogrammed to pluripotency by transient exposure to low-pH treatment, and extensive analysis of the molecular features and developmental potential of STAP cells indicates that they represent a unique state of pluripotency.
doi: 10.1038/nature12969
Here a genome-wide RNAi library screen is used to identify components of the signalling pathway that allow transformation of Trypanosoma brucei spp., the protozoan parasite responsible for important human and livestock diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, from proliferative slender forms to arrested stumpy forms which are transmitted to the tsetse fly vector.
doi: 10.1038/nature12864
A new approach to accurately determine mutation frequencies with RNA virus populations called circular sequencing (CirSeq) has been developed; a study of the genetic composition of populations of poliovirus shows the fitness landscape for each nucleotide variant in an evolving RNA virus.
doi: 10.1038/nature12861
The specificity of interferon effectors across an expanded range of viruses is studied, with results indicating that positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses are more susceptible to interferon-stimulated gene activity than negative-sense RNA or DNA viruses; in addition, the DNA sensor cGAS is shown to have an unappreciated role in RNA virus inhibition.
doi: 10.1038/nature12862
RNA adopts vast and complicated secondary structures in the living cell; reported here is a new approach, structure-seq, that characterises RNA structure in vivo on a genome-wide scale at nucleotide resolution and should be applicable to any organism.
doi: 10.1038/nature12756
Understanding how RNA structure influences its function has been hampered by a lack of approaches that can accurately quantify RNA structure in vivo; here, RNA structure is revealed on a global scale and with nucleotide-level resolution, showing that there is less structure within cells than expected from in vitro and in silica analyses.
doi: 10.1038/nature12894
An RNA secondary structure (RSS) map of coding and noncoding RNA from a human family (two parents and their child) is produced; this reveals that approximately 15% of all transcribed single nucleotide variants (SNVs) alter local RNA structure, and these SNVs are depleted in certain locations, suggesting that particular RNA structures are important at those sites.
doi: 10.1038/nature12946
