Editorial
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Rising to the challenge as US states turn the screw on science education p149
Researchers everywhere should pay more attention to how their subject is presented.
doi: 10.1038/543149a
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Dutch elections signal next test for rise in populism p149
Science is already losing out in the Netherlands.
doi: 10.1038/543149b
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Science journalism can be evidence-based, compelling — and wrong p150
A ranking of the best science-news outlets misjudges the relationship between research and reporting.
doi: 10.1038/543150a
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News
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How the fallout from Trump's travel ban is reshaping science p157
Researchers are cutting short travel, ending collaborations and rethinking their US ties.
Sara Reardon
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21579
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IBM's quantum cloud computer goes commercial p159
Company plans a bigger, better system aimed at creating a market for the still-immature technology.
Davide Castelvecchi
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21585
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How rival bots battled their way to poker supremacy p160
Artificial-intelligence programs harness game-theory strategies and deep learning to defeat human professionals in two-player hold 'em.
Elizabeth Gibney
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21580
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Peer-review activists push psychology journals towards open data p161
Editor asked to resign from journal for saying he’ll review only papers whose data he can see.
Gautam Naik
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21549
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Quantum microscope offers MRI for molecules p162
Diamond-based imaging system uses magnetic resonance of electrons to detect charged atoms and peer at chemical reactions in real time.
Sara Reardon
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21573
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Neanderthal tooth plaque hints at meals — and kisses p163
Analysis paints picture of diets, medicine and possible intimacy with humans.
Ewen Callaway
doi: 10.1038/543163a
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News Features
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The quest to crystallize time p164
Bizarre forms of matter called time crystals were supposed to be physically impossible. Now they’re not.
doi: 10.1038/543164a
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How Facebook, fake news and friends are warping your memory p168
Research on collective recall takes on new importance in a post-fact world.
doi: 10.1038/543168a
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News & Views
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Manipulation of the manipulators p182
Wolbachia bacteria infect insects and can cause mating incompatibilities, an outcome that is used to fight insect-transmitted disease. The proposed genes responsible illuminate this process and the disease-control mechanisms. See Letter p.243
William Sullivan, Scott L. O'Neill
doi: 10.1038/nature21509
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More uses for genomic junk p183
It emerges that nascent non-coding RNAs transcribed from regulatory DNA sequences called enhancers bind to the enzyme CBP to promote its activity locally. In turn, the activities of CBP stimulate further enhancer transcription.
Karen Adelman, Emily Egan
doi: 10.1038/543183a
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Marching to a different quantum beat p185
Periodic oscillations are common in nature but they generally decay or fall out of phase. Two experiments have found evidence for a Floquet time crystal, which is characterized by persistent in-phase oscillations. See Letters p.217 & p. 221
Chetan Nayak
doi: 10.1038/543185a
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Reading the future of leukaemia p186
The identification of the regulatory protein ENL as essential to an aggressive form of leukaemia provides insight into transcriptional regulation and highlights potential avenues for therapy. See Letters p.265 & p.270
Alex W. Wilkinson, Or Gozani
doi: 10.1038/nature21894
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Digital maps illuminate ancient trade routes p188
How did the relationship between human societies and their surrounding terrain shape the formation of long-distance trade networks such as the Silk Road? Digital mapping and computer modelling offer insights. See Article p.193
Michael J. Harrower, Ioana A. Dumitru
doi: 10.1038/543188a
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Single-atom data storage p189
The ultimate limit of classical data storage is a single-atom magnetic bit. Researchers have now achieved the writing and reading of individual atoms whose magnetic information can be retained for several hours. See Letter p.226
Roberta Sessoli
doi: 10.1038/543189a
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The chronicles of T-cell exhaustion p190
T cells of the immune system often fail to target cancer cells because they enter a dysfunctional state known as exhaustion. Molecular analysis of T-cell exhaustion provides insights into the clinical use of these cells.
Robert A. Amezquita, Susan M. Kaech
doi: 10.1038/nature21508
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Article
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Nomadic ecology shaped the highland geography of Asia’s Silk Roads p193
The authors use modelling to show that the network of trading routes known as the Silk Road emerged from hundreds of years of interactions between pastoralists as they moved their herds and flocks between higher and lower elevations in generally mountainous regions.
Michael D. Frachetti, C. Evan Smith, Cynthia M. Traub, Tim Williams
doi: 10.1038/nature21696
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An atlas of human long non-coding RNAs with accurate 5′ ends p199
A catalogue of human long non-coding RNA genes and their expression profiles across samples from major human primary cell types, tissues and cell lines.
Chung-Chau Hon, Jordan A. Ramilowski, Jayson Harshbarger, Nicolas Bertin, Owen J. L. Rackham, Julian Gough, Elena Denisenko, Sebastian Schmeier, Thomas M. Poulsen, Jessica Severin + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature21374
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Autophagy maintains the metabolism and function of young and old stem cells p205
Loss of autophagy increases the accumulation of mitochondria and the respiration status of haematopoietic stem cells, which perturbs their self-renewal and regeneration activities, and promotes cellular aging.
Theodore T. Ho, Matthew R. Warr, Emmalee R. Adelman, Olivia M. Lansinger, Johanna Flach, Evgenia V. Verovskaya, Maria E. Figueroa, Emmanuelle Passegué
doi: 10.1038/nature21388
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TIRR regulates 53BP1 by masking its histone methyl-lysine binding function p211
A new protein, Tudor interacting repair regulator (TIRR), affects DNA repair by masking the chromatin interaction domain of 53BP1, thereby preventing its recruitment to double-strand breaks.
Pascal Drané, Marie-Eve Brault, Gaofeng Cui, Khyati Meghani, Shweta Chaubey, Alexandre Detappe, Nishita Parnandi, Yizhou He, Xiao-Feng Zheng, Maria Victoria Botuyan + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature21358
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Letter
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Observation of a discrete time crystal p217
A time crystal is a state of matter that shows robust oscillations in time, and although forbidden in equilibrium, a discrete time crystal has now been observed in a periodically driven quantum system.
J. Zhang, P. W. Hess, A. Kyprianidis, P. Becker, A. Lee, J. Smith, G. Pagano, I.-D. Potirniche, A. C. Potter, A. Vishwanath + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature21413
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Observation of discrete time-crystalline order in a disordered dipolar many-body system p221
Discrete time-crystalline order is observed in a driven, disordered ensemble of about one million dipolar spin impurities in diamond at room temperature, and is shown to be very stable to perturbations.
Soonwon Choi, Joonhee Choi, Renate Landig, Georg Kucsko, Hengyun Zhou, Junichi Isoya, Fedor Jelezko, Shinobu Onoda, Hitoshi Sumiya, Vedika Khemani + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature21426
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Reading and writing single-atom magnets p226
A two-bit magnetic memory is demonstrated, based on the magnetic states of individual holmium atoms, which are read and written in a scanning tunnelling microscope set-up and are stable over many hours.
Fabian D. Natterer, Kai Yang, William Paul, Philip Willke, Taeyoung Choi, Thomas Greber, Andreas J. Heinrich, Christopher P. Lutz
doi: 10.1038/nature21371
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Amplified stimulated emission in upconversion nanoparticles for super-resolution nanoscopy p229
Super-resolution optical microscopy based on stimulated emission depletion effects can now be performed at much lower light intensities than before by using bright upconversion emission from thulium-doped nanoparticles.
Yujia Liu, Yiqing Lu, Xusan Yang, Xianlin Zheng, Shihui Wen, Fan Wang, Xavier Vidal, Jiangbo Zhao, Deming Liu, Zhiguang Zhou + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature21366
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Arrays of horizontal carbon nanotubes of controlled chirality grown using designed catalysts p234
Horizontal arrays of metallic or semiconducting carbon nanotubes with controlled chirality are grown from specially designed solid carbide catalysts.
doi: 10.1038/nature21051
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Earth’s first stable continents did not form by subduction p239
Phase equilibria modelling of rocks from Western Australia confirms that the ancient continental crust could have formed by multistage melting of basaltic ‘parents’ along high geothermal gradients—a process incompatible with modern-style subduction.
Tim E. Johnson, Michael Brown, Nicholas J. Gardiner, Christopher L. Kirkland, R. Hugh Smithies
doi: 10.1038/nature21383
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Prophage WO genes recapitulate and enhance Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility p243
The discovery of two genes encoded by prophage WO from Wolbachia that functionally recapitulate and enhance cytoplasmic incompatibility in arthropods is the first inroad in solving the genetic basis of reproductive parasitism.
Daniel P. LePage, Jason A. Metcalf, Sarah R. Bordenstein, Jungmin On, Jessamyn I. Perlmutter, J. Dylan Shropshire, Emily M. Layton, Lisa J. Funkhouser-Jones, John F. Beckmann, Seth R. Bordenstein
doi: 10.1038/nature21391
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Zika virus protection by a single low-dose nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccination p248
A single, low-dose intradermal immunization with lipid-nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding the pre-membrane and envelope glycoproteins of Zika virus protects both mice and rhesus macaques against infection and elicits rapid and long-lasting neutralizing antibody responses.
Norbert Pardi, Michael J. Hogan, Rebecca S. Pelc, Hiromi Muramatsu, Hanne Andersen, Christina R. DeMaso, Kimberly A. Dowd, Laura L. Sutherland, Richard M. Scearce, Robert Parks + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature21428
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Survival of tissue-resident memory T cells requires exogenous lipid uptake and metabolism p252
FABP4 and FABP5 are important for the maintenance, longevity and function of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells, which use oxidative metabolism of exogenous free fatty acids to persist in tissues and to mediate protective immunity.
Youdong Pan, Tian Tian, Chang Ook Park, Serena Y. Lofftus, Shenglin Mei, Xing Liu, Chi Luo, John T. O’Malley, Ahmed Gehad, Jessica E. Teague + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature21379
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Reconstitution of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum network with purified components p257
In the presence of GTP, a tubular endoplasmic reticulum network can be reconstituted with only two purified membrane proteins.
Robert E. Powers, Songyu Wang, Tina Y. Liu, Tom A. Rapoport
doi: 10.1038/nature21387
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The molecular architecture of lamins in somatic cells p261
Cryo-electron tomography reveals a detailed view of the structural organization of the lamin meshwork within the lamina of the mammalian cell nucleus.
Yagmur Turgay, Matthias Eibauer, Anne E. Goldman, Takeshi Shimi, Maayan Khayat, Kfir Ben-Harush, Anna Dubrovsky-Gaupp, K. Tanuj Sapra, Robert D. Goldman, Ohad Medalia
doi: 10.1038/nature21382
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ENL links histone acetylation to oncogenic gene expression in acute myeloid leukaemia p265
The chromatin-reader protein ENL regulates oncogenic programs in acute myeloid leukaemia by binding via its YEATS domain to acetylated histones on the promoters of actively transcribed genes and recruiting the transcriptional machinery.
Liling Wan, Hong Wen, Yuanyuan Li, Jie Lyu, Yuanxin Xi, Takayuki Hoshii, Julia K. Joseph, Xiaolu Wang, Yong-Hwee E. Loh, Michael A. Erb + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature21687
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Transcription control by the ENL YEATS domain in acute leukaemia p270
ENL, identified in a genome-scale loss-of-function screen as a crucial requirement for proliferation of acute leukaemia, is required for leukaemic gene expression, and its YEATS chromatin-reader domain is essential for leukaemic growth.
Michael A. Erb, Thomas G. Scott, Bin E. Li, Huafeng Xie, Joshiawa Paulk, Hyuk-Soo Seo, Amanda Souza, Justin M. Roberts, Shiva Dastjerdi, Dennis L. Buckley + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature21688
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