|
量子科学技術研究開発機構は、11月4日（金）日本科学未来館でトークイベント「量子科学技術が創る未来」を開催します。量子科学技術研究が医・食・くらしに何をもたらし、どんな未来を拓くことができるかを、機構の研究者と外部有識者が話し合います。是非ご来場下さい。
申込：ご氏名、ご所属をagora2016-qst@qst.go.jpにお送り下さい。
|
Editorial
|
|
|
Healing the traumatized minds of refugees p139
Host countries need to deal with the raised levels of mental-health disorders in migrants if they expect them to integrate well, and that could mean benefits for psychological care in rich countries too.
doi: 10.1038/538139a
|
|
|
Rethink the links between genes and disease p140
The ExAC database has shown that many mutations thought to be harmful are benign.
doi: 10.1038/538140a
|
|
|
Scientific buzzwords obscure meaning p140
‘Nexus’ is enjoying new-found popularity. But what does it actually mean?
doi: 10.1038/538140b
|
News
|
|
|
Brexit government’s anti-immigration stance spooks UK scientists p147
Plans to restrict freedom of movement intensify researchers’ fears over June vote.
Daniel Cressey
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20755
|
|
|
South Africa plans health study to track half a million people p148
Network would be Africa's largest demographics project if it can sustain long-term funding.
Linda Nordling
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20754
|
|
|
NASA rethinks approach to Mars exploration p149
Agency looks to time-allocation model in an era of shifting commercial and international interests.
Alexandra Witze
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20758
|
|
|
Safety concerns blight promising cancer therapy p150
As the first T-cell therapies for tumours near US approval, researchers race to engineer less-toxic alternatives.
Heidi Ledford
doi: 10.1038/538150a
|
|
|
Where Nobel winners get their start p152
Undergraduates from small, elite institutions have the best chance of winning a Nobel prize.
Tom Clynes
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20757
|
|
|
World’s tiniest machines win chemistry Nobel p152
Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Fraser Stoddart and Bernard Feringa share 2016 award.
Richard Van Noorden, Davide Castelvecchi
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20734
|
News Features
|
|
|
A radical revision of human genetics p154
Why many ‘deadly’ gene mutations are turning out to be harmless.
Erika Check Hayden
doi: 10.1038/538154a
|
|
|
The mental-health crisis among migrants p158
The refugees and migrants surging into Europe are suffering very high levels of psychiatric disorders. Researchers are struggling to help.
Alison Abbott
doi: 10.1038/538158a
|
News & Views
|
|
|
Megafloods downsized p174
A fresh look at the Channeled Scablands of North America shows that the ancient floods that scarred that landscape were smaller than is commonly assumed. This result could revise estimates of similar floods on Mars. See Letter p.229
J. Taylor Perron, Jeremy G. Venditti
doi: 10.1038/538174a
|
|
|
Measuring our narrow strip of life p175
In line with previous research, a demographic analysis corroborates the presence of a limit to human lifespan, indicating that increases in life expectancy are likely to slow down or stop over the coming years.
S. Jay Olshansky
doi: 10.1038/nature19475
|
|
|
Moon churn p177
doi: 10.1038/538177a
|
|
|
Fifty years of C4 photosynthesis p177
Half a century after the discovery of a plant photosynthetic pathway termed C4, researchers are working to engineer this efficient pathway into crops such as rice to maintain food security.
Julian M. Hibberd, Robert T. Furbank
doi: 10.1038/538177b
|
|
|
A map of human wanderlust p179
Genetic studies of individuals from geographically diverse human populations provide insights into the dispersal of modern humans across the globe and how geography shaped genomic variation. See Articles p.201 & p.207 & Letter p.238
Serena Tucci, Joshua M. Akey
doi: 10.1038/nature19472
|
|
|
Lethal violence deep in the human lineage p180
Researchers estimate that the incidence of human lethal violence at the time of the origin of our species was about six times higher than for the average mammal, but about as violent as expected, given our great-ape ancestry. See Letter p.233
Mark Pagel
doi: 10.1038/nature19474
|
Review
|
|
|
In vitro and ex vivo strategies for intracellular delivery p183
Intracellular delivery methods, which are critical to both fundamental research applications and cell-based therapies, are reviewed, concentrating on membrane-disruption-based methods and the use of nanotechnology, microfluidics and laboratory-on-chip technology.
Martin P. Stewart, Armon Sharei, Xiaoyun Ding, Gaurav Sahay, Robert Langer, Klavs F. Jensen
doi: 10.1038/nature19764
|
|
|
The evolution of Ebola virus: Insights from the 2013–2016 epidemic p193
A comprehensive review of how analysis of genome sequences provided insights into the origins, evolution and spread of Ebola virus during the 2013–2016 epidemic in West Africa.
Edward C. Holmes, Gytis Dudas, Andrew Rambaut, Kristian G. Andersen
doi: 10.1038/nature19790
|
Article
|
|
|
The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations p201
Deep whole-genome sequencing of 300 individuals from 142 diverse populations provides insights into key population genetic parameters, shows that all modern human ancestry outside of Africa including in Australasians is consistent with descending from a single founding population, and suggests a higher rate of accumulation of mutations in non-Africans compared to Africans since divergence.
Swapan Mallick, Heng Li, Mark Lipson, Iain Mathieson, Melissa Gymrek, Fernando Racimo, Mengyao Zhao, Niru Chennagiri, Susanne Nordenfelt, Arti Tandon + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature18964
|
|
|
A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia p207
Whole-genome sequence data for 108 individuals representing 28 language groups across Australia and five language groups for Papua New Guinea suggests that Aboriginal Australians and Papuans diverged from Eurasian populations approximately 60–100 thousand years ago, following a single out-of-Africa dispersal and subsequent admixture with archaic populations.
Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas, Michael C. Westaway, Craig Muller, Vitor C. Sousa, Oscar Lao, Isabel Alves, Anders Bergström, Georgios Athanasiadis, Jade Y. Cheng, Jacob E. Crawford + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature18299
|
Letter
|
|
|
Quantifying crater production and regolith overturn on the Moon with temporal imaging p215
High-resolution ‘before and after’ imaging of the Moon is used to quantify the rate of crater production and provide insights into the cratering process.
Emerson J. Speyerer, Reinhold Z. Povilaitis, Mark S. Robinson, Peter C. Thomas, Robert V. Wagner
doi: 10.1038/nature19829
|
|
|
Enhanced flexoelectric-like response in oxide semiconductors p219
Semiconducting single crystals of doped barium titanate and titanium dioxide exhibit a flexoelectric-like response upon bending that is much larger than in their undoped, insulating counterparts, reaching unprecedentedly large effective flexoelectric coefficients.
Jackeline Narvaez, Fabian Vasquez-Sancho, Gustau Catalan
doi: 10.1038/nature19761
|
|
|
Molecular transport through capillaries made with atomic-scale precision p222
Nanometre-scale graphitic capillaries with atomically flat walls are engineered and studied, revealing unexpectedly fast transport of liquid water through channels that accommodate only a few layers of water.
B. Radha, A. Esfandiar, F. C. Wang, A. P. Rooney, K. Gopinadhan, A. Keerthi, A. Mishchenko, A. Janardanan, P. Blake, L. Fumagalli + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature19363
|
|
|
Evolution of global temperature over the past two million years p226
Reconstruction of global average surface temperature for the past two million years shows continuous cooling until about 1.2 million years ago, followed by a general flattening, with close coupling of global temperature and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations over the past 800,000 years.
Carolyn W. Snyder
doi: 10.1038/nature19798
|
|
|
Progressive incision of the Channeled Scablands by outburst floods p229
Simulations of water flow and erosion in Moses Coulee suggest that the floods that carved this canyon only partially filled it, implying much lower flood discharges than previously thought.
Isaac J. Larsen, Michael P. Lamb
doi: 10.1038/nature19817
|
|
|
The phylogenetic roots of human lethal violence p233
The percentage of human deaths caused by interpersonal violence reflects our membership of a particularly violent clade of mammals, although changes in socio-political organization have led to marked variations in this proportion.
José María Gómez, Miguel Verdú, Adela González-Megías, Marcos Méndez
doi: 10.1038/nature19758
|
|
|
Genomic analyses inform on migration events during the peopling of Eurasia p238
Whole-genome sequencing of individuals from 125 populations provides insight into patterns of genetic diversity, natural selection and human demographic history during the peopling of Eurasia and finds evidence for genetic vestiges of an early expansion of modern humans out of Africa in Papuans.
Luca Pagani, Daniel John Lawson, Evelyn Jagoda, Alexander Mörseburg, Anders Eriksson, Mario Mitt, Florian Clemente, Georgi Hudjashov, Michael DeGiorgio, Lauri Saag + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature19792
|
|
|
De novo assembly and phasing of a Korean human genome OPEN p243
De novo assembly and phasing of the genome of an individual from Korea using a combination of different sequencing approaches provides a useful population-specific reference genome and represents the most contiguous human genome assembly so far.
Jeong-Sun Seo, Arang Rhie, Junsoo Kim, Sangjin Lee, Min-Hwan Sohn, Chang-Uk Kim, Alex Hastie, Han Cao, Ji-Young Yun, Jihye Kim + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature20098
|
|
|
Genome-wide associations for birth weight and correlations with adult disease p248
Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses for birth weight in 153,781 individuals identified 60 genomic loci in which birth weight and fetal genotype were associated and found an inverse genetic correlation between birth weight and cardiometabolic risk.
Momoko Horikoshi, Robin N. Beaumont, Felix R. Day, Nicole M. Warrington, Marjolein N. Kooijman, Juan Fernandez-Tajes, Bjarke Feenstra, Natalie R. van Zuydam, Kyle J. Gaulton, Niels Grarup + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature19806
|
|
|
A cholinergic basal forebrain feeding circuit modulates appetite suppression p253
A mouse study reveals that acetylcholine signalling networks have a role in the regulation of body weight homeostasis, with increased activity of cholinergic neurons decreasing food consumption through downstream hypothalamic targets.
Alexander M. Herman, Joshua Ortiz-Guzman, Mikhail Kochukov, Isabella Herman, Kathleen B. Quast, Jay M. Patel, Burak Tepe, Jeffrey C. Carlson, Kevin Ung, Jennifer Selever + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature19789
|
|
|
Evidence for a limit to human lifespan p257
Demographic analysis of life expectancy and maximum reported age at death provides evidence that human lifespan has reached its natural limit.
Xiao Dong, Brandon Milholland, Jan Vijg
doi: 10.1038/nature19793
|
|
|
Tissue-specific mutation accumulation in human adult stem cells during life p260
Stem cells of the liver, colon and small intestine gradually accumulate mutations throughout life at a similar rate even though cancer incidence varies greatly among these tissues.
Francis Blokzijl, Joep de Ligt, Myrthe Jager, Valentina Sasselli, Sophie Roerink, Nobuo Sasaki, Meritxell Huch, Sander Boymans, Ewart Kuijk, Pjotr Prins + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature19768
|
|
|
Formation of new chromatin domains determines pathogenicity of genomic duplications p265
Genomic duplications in the SOX9 region are associated with human disease phenotypes; a study using human cells and mouse models reveals that the duplications can cause the formation of new higher-order chromatin structures called topologically associated domains (TADs) thereby resulting in changes in gene expression.
Martin Franke, Daniel M. Ibrahim, Guillaume Andrey, Wibke Schwarzer, Verena Heinrich, Robert Schöpflin, Katerina Kraft, Rieke Kempfer, Ivana Jerković, Wing-Lee Chan + et al.
doi: 10.1038/nature19800
|
|
|
Two distinct RNase activities of CRISPR-C2c2 enable guide-RNA processing and RNA detection p270
The CRISPR-associated bacterial enzyme C2c2 is shown to contain two separable, distinct sites for the highly sensitive detection and cleavage of single-stranded RNA.
Alexandra East-Seletsky, Mitchell R. O’Connell, Spencer C. Knight, David Burstein, Jamie H. D. Cate, Robert Tjian, Jennifer A. Doudna
doi: 10.1038/nature19802
|
|
