貴重な博物学標本を保存し、生かすためには、共同管理という選択肢がある。
Natural-history collections face fight for survival p.137
Regional hubs offer lifeline to museums’ precious plant and animal specimens.
doi: 10.1038/544137b
Regional hubs offer lifeline to museums’ precious plant and animal specimens.
doi: 10.1038/544137b
Critics of the March for Science have a point. But those scientists who will protest and speak up globally for research have the chance to make a greater one.
doi: 10.1038/544137a
On Growth and Form showed how physical and mathematical forces affect natural selection.
doi: 10.1038/544138a
Fermilab experiment to measure muon magnetic moment more precisely might reveal unknown virtual particles.
doi: 10.1038/544145a
Real-time analysis of wireless communications data could improve weather forecasts around the world.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21799
The gut microbes of young killifish can extend the lifespans of older fish – hinting at the microbiome’s role in ageing.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21770
The lasting effects of stress and fear of deportation are beginning to emerge.
doi: 10.1038/544148a
NASA’s Cassini probe will go where no spacecraft has gone before — between a planet and its rings.
doi: 10.1038/544149a
これまで安定していると考えられてきた東南極氷床が、氷床下は危険な状態にあることが明らかになってきた。
doi: 10.1038/544152a
今回、生体組織が液晶のようにふるまう可能性を示す証拠が見つかった。さらに意外なことに、この液晶系のトポロジカル欠陥が細胞のふるまいに影響を及ぼしているようである。材料物理学者と生物学者が、それぞれの分野におけるこの知見の意味について語っている。
doi: 10.1038/544164a
漁業には、漁業者に対し漁獲可能量に達するまで自由に漁を許可する政策や、個々の漁業者に常時適用される漁獲割当量を設定する政策などがある。今回、これらの政策の実施例を比較した研究から、漁獲量を分け合うことで漁獲競争が緩和されることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature21906
液体金属の表面にできる酸化物の「皮」を基板に転写して、原子レベルで薄い半導体が作られた。これは、エレクトロニクス用途に必要なサイズの2D半導体を安価に大量生産する道を開くものである。
doi: 10.1038/nature21908
オニヒトデ（Acanthaster planci）は、サンゴ礁を破壊する。今回、オニヒトデの全ゲノム塩基配列が解読され、この生物の大発生を仲介するタンパク質の手掛かりが得られた。この情報は、サンゴの保護に役立つ可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/nature21905
爬虫類は計算できるのだろうか。今回、トカゲの一種であるホウセキカナヘビ（Timon lepidus）では、鱗の色とパターンが、セルオートマトンと呼ばれる規則に基づく離散計算に類似した方法で進化したことが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/544170a
遺伝子の機能的コピーを持たない（遺伝子ノックアウトの）ヒト個体を調べることで、その遺伝子の役割が明らかになる可能性がある。ノックアウト研究の大半ではモデル生物が使われているが、今回、ヒトノックアウトの包括的なカタログの作製が間近なところにあることが示された。
doi: 10.1038/544171a
A mesoscopic cellular automaton arising from a microscopic reaction–diffusion system as a function of skin thickness is observed in ocellated lizards, showing that cellular automata are not merely abstract computational systems, but can directly correspond to processes generated by biological evolution.
doi: 10.1038/nature22031
Analysis of Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genomes shows geographic patterns and deep splits across the major haplogroups that indicate a single, rapid migration along the coasts around 49–45 ka, followed by longstanding persistence in discrete geographic areas.
doi: 10.1038/nature21416
A deficiency in H3K4me3 methyltransferase causes accumulation of mono-unsaturated fatty acids, which is important for lifespan extension in C. elegans and could be relevant in mammals.
doi: 10.1038/nature21686
Crystal structures and DFT calculations suggest a possible mechanism for diiron enzyme arene hydroxylation.
doi: 10.1038/nature21681
Cryo-electron microscopy maps of the fission yeast Mediator complex and of a Mediator–RNA polymerase II holoenzyme reveal how changes in the Med14 subunit enable large-scale rearrangements of the Mediator structure that are essential for holoenzyme formation.
doi: 10.1038/nature21393
Star formation at a rate of more than 15 solar masses a year has been observed inside a massive outflow of gas from a nearby galaxy; this could also be happening inside other galactic outflows.
doi: 10.1038/nature21677
A structural transition in an atomic indium wire on a silicon substrate proceeds as fast as the indium atom vibrations and is facilitated by strong In–Si interface bonds.
doi: 10.1038/nature21432
By modelling epithelial cells as active nematic liquid crystals, stresses induced at the sites of topological defects are found to be the primary drivers of extrusion and cell death.
doi: 10.1038/nature21718
Options for achieving multiple sustainability goals in land systems are limited, and integrated national-scale analyses are needed across the broader environment and economy to prioritize efficient sustainability interventions.
doi: 10.1038/nature21694
A large-scale treatment–control meta-analysis of US fisheries provides evidence that the implementation of catch shares extend fishing seasons by slowing the race to fish.
doi: 10.1038/nature21728
The authors derive a condition for how natural selection chooses between two competing strategies on any graph for weak selection, elucidating which population structures promote certain behaviours, such as cooperation.
doi: 10.1038/nature21723
Genome sequencing and proteomic analyses of the crown-of-thorns starfish identify species-specific secreted factors that are associated with aggregating starfish and might be useful for biocontrol strategies.
doi: 10.1038/nature22033
By sequencing the exomes of 10,503 individuals living in Pakistan, the authors identify rare predicted loss-of-function mutations that are estimated to knock out genes and correlate these mutations with a broad range of phenotypes, providing a framework for a human knockout project.
doi: 10.1038/nature22034
Depending on prediction accuracy at the time of memory recall, specific mushroom body output neurons drive different combinations of dopaminergic neurons to extinguish or reconsolidate appetitive memory in Drosophila.
doi: 10.1038/nature21716
The neuron-specific transcription factor Myt1l represses many somatic lineage programs, but not the neuronal lineage program, to both induce and maintain neuronal identity.
doi: 10.1038/nature21722
The cross-talk between immune cells and blood vessel endothelial cells promotes pericyte coverage and decreases hypoxia in mouse tumour models, and correlative evidence suggests that these processes influence cancer prognosis in humans.
doi: 10.1038/nature21724
