博士論文の執筆は研究者にとっては重要な節目だが、そのやり方は時代に合わせた変化が必要だ。
The past, present and future of the PhD thesis p.7
Writing a PhD thesis is a personal and professional milestone for many researchers. But the process needs to change with the times.
doi: 10.1038/535007a
Writing a PhD thesis is a personal and professional milestone for many researchers. But the process needs to change with the times.
doi: 10.1038/535007a
US regulators must regain the upper hand in the approval system.
doi: 10.1038/535007b
The high-profile of the virus can kick-start work on long-standing problems.
doi: 10.1038/535008a
John Holdren tells Nature about the highs and lows of nearly eight years in the White House.
doi: 10.1038/535015a
Cytomegalovirus is a much greater global problem than Zika.
doi: 10.1038/535017a
Panel recommends scrapping proposed changes to 'Common Rule' on human-subjects research.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20191
Forecasters warn that high ocean temperatures presage intense blazes in rainforest.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20190
Shoebox-sized craft face a wait to be propelled beyond Earth’s orbit.
doi: 10.1038/535019a
徹夜、誤字・脱字、自信喪失や絶望など、3人の一流科学者が、自分にとって博士号とはどのようなものだったかを語る。
doi: 10.1038/535022a
博士号は時代に合わせて少しずつ変わってきており、博士論文や口頭試問にも変化が求められている。
doi: 10.1038/535026a
天文衛星の「ひとみ」は、地球との通信が途絶える直前に、ペルセウス座銀河団中でのガスの動きを観測した。この知見は銀河団の物理学や宇宙論の研究にとって非常に貴重なものだ。
doi: 10.1038/535040a
タンパク質のPKM-ζは齧歯類で記憶維持の調節に関わっていると考えられてきたが、この説には疑問が投げ掛けられてきた。このタンパク質のまた別のアイソフォームが、PKM-ζが失われた際のバックアップとして作用することが明らかになり、このような論争に影響を及ぼしそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature18903
極低温分子が光によって解離する仕組みの研究から、以前に観測されたことのない、予想外の量子効果が明らかになった。この研究は、量子光学研究に新たな道を開く。
doi: 10.1038/535042a
アマゾン熱帯雨林のこれまで撹乱されたことのない地域で起こっている人為起源の撹乱は、森林伐採がもたらすのと同じくらい深刻な生物多様性喪失を引き起こしかねないことが、今回明らかになった。森林の質を保存するには、緊急な政策的介入が必要である。
doi: 10.1038/nature18901
多様な神経機構が、動物に視覚的動きの方向性検出を可能にしている。今回、眼球とほぼ同じサイズの単純な回路で、このような多様性の一部を説明できる可能性が、計算論的モデルによって示された。
doi: 10.1038/nature18454
Directional selectivity in the detection of moving visual stimuli critically depends on starburst amacrine cells, which have been studied primarily in rabbit retina; a large-scale reconstruction of the mouse retina at a single-synapse level, along with experimental and theoretical analysis, shows that mouse retinal circuitry is adapted to the smaller eye size of mice.
doi: 10.1038/nature18609
The N-terminal domains of gasdermin proteins cause pyroptotic cell death by oligomerizing to form membrane pores.
doi: 10.1038/nature18590
X-ray observations of the core of the Perseus cluster reveal a remarkably quiescent atmosphere in which the gas has a line-of-sight velocity dispersion of about 164 kilometres per second in the region 30–60 kiloparsecs from the central nucleus; turbulent pressure support in the gas is four per cent of the thermodynamic pressure, necessitating only a small correction to the total cluster mass determined from hydrostatic equilibrium.
doi: 10.1038/nature18627
The photodissociation of 88Sr2 molecules is examined at ultracold temperatures with a high degree of control, and a wealth of quantum effects such as barrier tunnelling, matter—wave interference of reaction products and forbidden pathways are observed
doi: 10.1038/nature18314
Placing a light emitter in an ultra-small optical cavity results in coupling between matter and light, generating new forms of emission that can be exploited in practical or fundamental applications; here, a system is described in which strong light–matter coupling occurs at room temperature and in ambient conditions by aligning single dye molecules in the optical cavities between gold nanoparticles and surfaces.
doi: 10.1038/nature17974
A long-sought three-dimensional graphene-like carbon structure that resembles periodically networked carbon nanotubes is now readily available through lanthanum-catalysed carbon synthesis using a zeolite template.
doi: 10.1038/nature18284
The computational design of an extremely stable icosahedral self-assembling protein nanocage is presented; the icosahedron should be useful for applications ranging from calibrating fluorescence microscopy to drug delivery.
doi: 10.1038/nature18010
Computer models of mantle convection with plate-like behaviour are used to demonstrate that the size–frequency distribution of tectonic plates on Earth is controlled by subduction geometry—the spacing between subducting slabs controls the layout of large plates, and the stresses caused by the bending of trenches break plates into smaller fragments.
doi: 10.1038/nature17992
Evaluation of the primary forests in the Brazilian state of Pará shows that anthropogenic disturbance can more than double the loss of biodiversity expected from deforestation.
doi: 10.1038/nature18326
SHP099, a selective inhibitor of signalling meditator SHP2 with drug-like properties, has an allosteric mechanism of action whereby it stabilizes SHP2 in an auto-inhibited conformation, and suppresses RAS–ERK signalling and proliferation in receptor-tyrosine-kinase-driven cancer cell lines and mouse tumour xenograft models.
doi: 10.1038/nature18621
Caspase-mediated cleavage of gasdermin D, previously shown to mediate pyroptosis, acts by inducing oligomerization and pore formation in cell membranes.
doi: 10.1038/nature18629
A CRISPR screening approach shows that endoplasmic-reticulum (ER)-associated protein complexes, including the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) protein complex, are important for infection by dengue virus and other related mosquito-borne flaviviruses, whereas hepatitis C virus is dependent on distinct entry factors, RNA binding proteins and FAD biosynthesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature18631
The endoplasmic-reticulum-associated signal peptidase complex is required for infection by numerous flaviviruses, including West Nile, Dengue and Zika viruses, but is not required for infection by other types of virus or for host protein synthesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature18625
High-resolution structures of the unliganded Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) and of GP bound to the drugs toremifene and ibuprofen are presented, providing insights into how the drugs inhibit viral fusion with the endosomal membrane.
doi: 10.1038/nature18615
Here, a small core protein of human adenoviruses is shown to associate with histones, sequestering proteins on host chromatin and preventing inflammatory proteins from being released and triggering inflammation.
doi: 10.1038/nature18317
When transcription and replication machineries collide on DNA, they can cause mutations to occur in the area near the collision; these mutations are now shown to include two types—duplications/deletions within the transcription unit and base substitutions in the cis-regulatory element of gene expression.
doi: 10.1038/nature18316
Here, pharmacological and biochemical evidence is provided that shows that G-protein coupling to the β2-adrenergic receptor stabilizes a ‘closed’ conformation of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and that that the effects of the G protein on the ligand-binding site of the GPCR are observed even in the absence of a bound agonist.
doi: 10.1038/nature18324
