環境改善によりオオシモフリエダシャクの黒い個体が姿を消しつつある中、黒化の遺伝的要因がようやく明らかになってきた。
Dark satanic wings p.5
Just as the dark-coloured pepper moth disappears from northern England, researchers are finally getting to the bottom of how it gained its colour.
doi: 10.1038/534005a
Just as the dark-coloured pepper moth disappears from northern England, researchers are finally getting to the bottom of how it gained its colour.
doi: 10.1038/534005a
The United States is overhauling its chemicals law; now it must tackle carbon emissions.
doi: 10.1038/534005b
Our fascination with telescopes and the worlds they reveal spreads beyond science into culture.
doi: 10.1038/534006a
Satellites and research aeroplanes could offer a better, broader view of coral health.
doi: 10.1038/534013a
Free open-access journal supported until 2022.
doi: 10.1038/534014a
Launch in July will test new way to explore the Solar System — and beyond.
doi: 10.1038/534015a
The Department of Energy says the US should fund ITER until 2018, and then re-evaluate its progress.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19994
A computer cracks the Boolean Pythagorean triples problem — but is it really maths?
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19990
A rare bipartisan compromise endorsed by industry and the White House will give the US government new authority to ensure that chemicals are safe.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19973
韓国ほど、経済生産レベルに対して科学研究に資金を注ぎ込んでいる国は、世界でも他にはないが、目標の実現には資金以外にも必要なことがある。
doi: 10.1038/534020a
米国マサチューセッツ工科大学の数学者Lydia Bourouibaは、高速ビデオを使ってくしゃみや咳の軌跡を分析し、病気が広がるしくみを調べている。
doi: 10.1038/534024a
冥王星にあるスプートニク平原という盆地は窒素氷のシートに覆われていて、その表面は差し渡しが数十キロメートルの不規則な形の多角形に分かれている。今回、2つの研究によって、活発な対流現象がこのような多角形を作り出すことが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/534040a
薬剤耐性菌は、そのTolCタンパク質複合体によって抗生物質を細胞からくみ出してしまうことが分かった。この知見は、持続生存菌と呼ばれる一部の細菌の細胞が抗生物質の投与に直面しても生き残る仕組みについての手掛かりを与えてくれる。
doi: 10.1038/nature18442
植物の光化学系IIは、光合成を行う際に太陽光のエネルギーを使って水を酸化する。この重要な超複合体の高分解能構造が今回、低温電子顕微鏡を使って得られた。
doi: 10.1038/nature18438
フランスの洞窟内の奥深くで約17万5000年前の構造物が見つかったことは、ネアンデルタール人たちが危険を顧みずに地下に進み、ヒト族が作製した中で最古の構造物のいくつかを作ったことを示唆している。
doi: 10.1038/nature18440
極端な高圧・高温条件下で鉄の電気抵抗と熱電導率を測定する実験の結果から、地球の外核の性質についての異論の多い数値シミュレーション結果に対する、これまでなかった解釈が得られた。
doi: 10.1038/534045a
Whole-genome sequencing of tumours from 560 breast cancer cases provides a comprehensive genome-wide view of recurrent somatic mutations and mutation frequencies across both protein coding and non-coding regions; several mutational signatures in these cancer genomes are associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 function and defective homologous-recombination-based DNA repair.
doi: 10.1038/nature17676
Quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of genomically annotated human breast cancer samples elucidates functional consequences of somatic mutations, narrows candidate nominations for driver genes within large deletions and amplified regions, and identifies potential therapeutic targets.
doi: 10.1038/nature18003
X-ray crystallography, single-particle electron cryomicroscopy and electrophysiology were used to study the conformational changes that take place during the activation and inhibition of a mammalian GluN1b–GluN2B N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor.
doi: 10.1038/nature17679
A high-resolution structural study sheds light on processes of energy transfer within the photosynthetic water-splitting machinery of plants.
doi: 10.1038/nature18020
A sustained, neutral wind from the outer accretion disk is observed in the transient black hole V404 Cygni during a violent outburst; this unusual wind, which expands at one per cent of the speed of light and triggers a nebular phase once accretion drops sharply and the ejecta become optically thin, probably regulates the outburst evolution of the black hole.
doi: 10.1038/nature17446
A parameterized convection model and observations of the puzzling polygons of the Sputnik Planum region of Pluto are used to compute the Rayleigh number of its nitrogen ice and show that it is vigorously convecting, kilometres thick and about a million years old.
doi: 10.1038/nature18016
The volatile-ice-filled basin informally named Sputnik Planum is central to Pluto’s geological activity; this ice layer is organized into cells or polygons, and it is now shown that convective overturn in a several-kilometre-thick layer of solid nitrogen can explain both the presence of the cells and their great width.
doi: 10.1038/nature18289
Petahertz-bandwidth metrology is demonstrated in the measurement of nonlinear polarization in silica.
doi: 10.1038/nature17650
The evaporation and atmospheric oxidation of low-volatility organic vapours from mined oil sands material is shown to be responsible for a large amount of secondary organic aerosol mass—which affects air quality and climate change—observed during airborne measurements in Canada.
doi: 10.1038/nature17646
Using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell to measure the electrical resistivity of iron under the high temperature and pressure conditions of the Earth’s core yields a value that means Earth’s core has high thermal conductivity, suggesting that its inner core is less than 0.7 billion years old, much younger than thought.
doi: 10.1038/nature17957
The thermal conductivity of solid iron at the pressure and temperature conditions that prevail in the cores of planets is measured directly using a dynamically laser-heated diamond-anvil cell, yielding values that support findings from ancient magnetized rocks that suggest Earth’s magnetic field has persisted since the Earth’s earliest history.
doi: 10.1038/nature18009
The mutation responsible for the black carbonaria morph of the peppered moth is identified as a transposable element within the cortex gene.
doi: 10.1038/nature17951
Wing colour patterning of multiple species in the butterfly genus Heliconius is controlled by differential expression of the gene cortex, a member of a conserved family of cell cycle regulators.
doi: 10.1038/nature17961
Two ring-like structures made of low walls of broken stalagmite pieces, deep in a cave in France, are described and dated to around 176,000 years ago, suggesting human-made construction within the period of early Neanderthals, although the function of the structures remains conjectural.
doi: 10.1038/nature18291
A similar neural ensemble participates in the encoding of two distinct memories, resulting in the recall of one memory increasing the likelihood of recalling the other, but only if those memories occur very closely in time—within a day rather than across a week.
doi: 10.1038/nature17955
The transcription factor Pitx2 is upregulated in injured neonatal and Hippo-deficient mouse hearts, where it interacts with the Hippo effector protein Yap to activate reactive oxygen species scavengers, thus preventing oxidative damage of the heart.
doi: 10.1038/nature17959
The activation of lipid X receptors (LXRs) in mouse liver not only promotes cholesterol efflux but also inhibits cholesterol synthesis simultaneously; this is mediated by the lipid-responsive long non-coding RNA LeXis, which is induced by a Western diet and orchestrates crosstalk between LXRs and the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway.
doi: 10.1038/nature17674
An allosteric inhibitor, EAI045, is reported that is selective for certain drug-resistant EGFR mutants, but spares the wild-type receptor; combination therapy of EAI045 with EGFR-dimerization-blocking antibodies is effective in mouse models of lung cancer driven by mutant versions of EGFR that are resistant to all previously developed inhibitors.
doi: 10.1038/nature17960
The cryo-electron microscopy structures of yeast nucleoplasmic pre-60S ribosomal particles give insight into the function of multiple assembly factors in ribosome biogenesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature17942
