Protect the high seas from harm p.127

doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00102-9

Mystery funders of Arecibo radio telescope can celebrate an early success p.127

doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00100-x

Chemists go green to make better blue jeans p.128

doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00103-8

Scientific ballooning takes off p.135

doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00017-5

Silicon gains ground in quantum-computing race p.136

doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00213-3

Germany vs Elsevier: universities win temporary journal access after refusing to pay fees p.137

doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00093-7

Tooth scratches reveal new clues to pterosaur diets p.138

doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00080-y

Climate scientists unlock secrets of ‘blue carbon’ p.139

doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00018-4

Indonesian scientists embrace preprint server p.139

doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08838-6

Step aside CERN: There’s a cheaper way to break open physics p.142

doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00106-5

How to see a memory p.146

doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00107-4

Cometary spin-down p.158

doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00008-6

Neuronal plasticity in nematode worms p.159

doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-09031-5

Dogma-breaking catalysis p.160

doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-09006-6

An ode to gene edits that prevent deafness p.162

doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08645-z

Rule-breaking perovskites p.163

doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00012-w

Neurexin controls plasticity of a mature, sexually dimorphic neuron p.165

doi: 10.1038/nature25192

Alcohol and endogenous aldehydes damage chromosomes and mutate stem cells p.171

doi: 10.1038/nature25154

Rotation in [C ii]-emitting gas in two galaxies at a redshift of 6.8 p.178

The earliest galaxies are thought to have emerged during the first billion years of cosmic history, initiating the ionization of the neutral hydrogen that pervaded the Universe at this time. Studying this ‘epoch of reionization’ involves looking for the spectral signatures of ancient galaxies that are, owing to the expansion of the Universe, now very distant from Earth and therefore exhibit large redshifts. However, finding these spectral fingerprints is challenging. One spectral characteristic of ancient and distant galaxies is strong hydrogen-emission lines (known as Lyman-α lines), but the neutral intergalactic medium that was present early in the epoch of reionization scatters such Lyman-α photons. Another potential spectral identifier is the line at wavelength 157.4 micrometres of the singly ionized state of carbon (the [C ii] λ = 157.74 μm line), which signifies cooling gas and is expected to have been bright in the early Universe. However, so far Lyman-α-emitting galaxies from the epoch of reionization have demonstrated much fainter [C ii] luminosities than would be expected from local scaling relations, and searches for the [C ii] line in sources without Lyman-α emission but with photometric redshifts greater than 6 (corresponding to the first billion years of the Universe) have been unsuccessful. Here we identify [C ii] λ = 157.74 μm emission from two sources that we selected as high-redshift candidates on the basis of near-infrared photometry; we confirm that these sources are two galaxies at redshifts of z = 6.8540 ± 0.0003 and z = 6.8076 ± 0.0002. Notably, the luminosity of the [C ii] line from these galaxies is higher than that found previously in star-forming galaxies with redshifts greater than 6.5. The luminous and extended [C ii] lines reveal clear velocity gradients that, if interpreted as rotation, would indicate that these galaxies have similar dynamic properties to the turbulent yet rotation-dominated disks that have been observed in Hα-emitting galaxies two billion years later, at ‘cosmic noon’.

doi: 10.1038/nature24631

An extreme magneto-ionic environment associated with the fast radio burst source FRB 121102 p.182

doi: 10.1038/nature25149

A rapid decrease in the rotation rate of comet 41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák p.186

doi: 10.1038/nature25150

Bright triplet excitons in caesium lead halide perovskites p.189

doi: 10.1038/nature25147

Fire frequency drives decadal changes in soil carbon and nitrogen and ecosystem productivity p.194

doi: 10.1038/nature24668

Successful conservation of global waterbird populations depends on effective governance p.199

doi: 10.1038/nature25139

Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans p.203

doi: 10.1038/nature25173

Precision editing of the gut microbiota ameliorates colitis p.208

doi: 10.1038/nature25172

Clonal analysis of lineage fate in native haematopoiesis p.212

doi: 10.1038/nature25168

Treatment of autosomal dominant hearing loss by in vivo delivery of genome editing agents p.217

doi: 10.1038/nature25164

A metabolic function of FGFR3-TACC3 gene fusions in cancer p.222

Chromosomal translocations that generate in-frame oncogenic gene fusions are notable examples of the success of targeted cancer therapies^1–3. We have previously described gene fusions of FGFR3- TACC3 (F3–T3) in 3% of human glioblastoma cases⁴. Subsequent studies have reported similar frequencies of F3–T3 in many other cancers, indicating that F3–T3 is a commonly occuring fusion across all tumour types^5,6. F3–T3 fusions are potent oncogenes that confer sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors, but the downstream oncogenicsignalling pathways remain unknown^2,4–6. Here we show that human tumours with F3–T3 fusions cluster within transcriptional subgroups that are characterized by the activation of mitochondrial functions. F3–T3 activates oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis and induces sensitivity to inhibitors of oxidative metabolism. Phosphorylation of the phosphopeptide PIN4 is an intermediate step in the signalling pathway of the activation of mitochondrial metabolism. The F3–T3–PIN4 axis triggers the biogenesis of peroxisomes and the synthesis of new proteins. The anabolic response converges on the PGC1α coactivator through the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which enables mitochondrial respiration and tumour growth. These data illustrate the oncogenic circuit engaged by F3–T3 and show that F3–T3- positivetumours rely on mitochondrial respiration, highlighting this pathway as a therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of tumours with F3–T3 fusions. We also provide insights into the genetic alterations that initiate the chain of metabolic responses that drive mitochondrial metabolism in cancer.

doi: 10.1038/nature25171

Selective silencing of euchromatic L1s revealed by genome-wide screens for L1 regulators p.228

doi: 10.1038/nature25179

Opening of the human epithelial calcium channel TRPV6 p.233

doi: 10.1038/nature25182