Volume 547 Issue 7663

Editorials

p.257

Physicists and mathematicians have bonded over their shared explorations of bizarre states of matter.

doi: 10.1038/547257b

p.257

The break in the Larsen C ice shelf highlights the vulnerable nature of other Antarctic environments and the impact people are having on the continent.

doi: 10.1038/547257a

p.258

Arguments about the environmental benefits of petrol or diesel engines are outdated.

doi: 10.1038/547258a

News

p.265

Revised tallies confirm that the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating as the Earth warms and ice sheets thaw.

doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22312

p.266

Two-fifths report feeling unsafe at work, and 18% have concerns about attending conferences.

doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22291

p.267

Europe’s highest court will rule on Poland's policy that encourages tree-felling in biodiversity hotspot.

doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22309

p.268

Legislation introduced in the House of Representatives also rejects a White House plan to cut 'indirect cost' payments to research institutions.

doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22307

p.269

President said ‘Make Our Planet Great Again’ — and researchers signed up.

doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22318

p.270

Treatment shows promise in young people with leukaemia, but safety risks abound.

doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22304

News Features

p.272

Topological effects might be hiding inside perfectly ordinary materials, waiting to reveal bizarre new particles or bolster quantum computing.

doi: 10.1038/547272a

News & Views

p.284

A third gravitational-wave signal has been detected with confidence, produced again by the merger of two black holes. The combined data from these detections help to reveal the histories of the stars that left these black holes behind.

doi: 10.1038/547284a

p.285

It emerges that people reached Australia earlier than was thought. This finding casts light on the technology used by the travellers, and their possible interactions with animal species that became extinct. See Article p.306

doi: 10.1038/547285a

p.287

A major advance in the quantum theory of solids allows materials to be identified whose electronic states have a non-trivial topology. Such materials could have many computing and electronics applications. See Article p.298

doi: 10.1038/547287a

p.288

Immune cells called T cells help immune-system B cells mature to produce antibodies. This entails signalling between cells using the molecule dopamine — a surprising immunological role for this neurotransmitter. See Article p.318

doi: 10.1038/nature23097

p.290

Complex nanoscale magnetization patterns have been resolved in 3D using advanced X-ray microscopy. This could spur the design of magnetic devices that have unique properties and functions. See Letter p.328

doi: 10.1038/547290a

p.291

The results of in vitro and in vivo screens to identify genes that are essential for the survival of a type of brain cancer show almost no overlap, underlining the need for caution when interpreting in vitro studies. See Letter p355.

doi: 10.1038/nature23095

Analysis

p.293

The large number of small, similarly sized proteins and the small number of heavy RNA molecules that make up a ribosome reduce the time required for reproduction.

doi: 10.1038/nature22998

Articles

p.298

A complete electronic band theory is presented that describes the global properties of all possible band structures and materials, and can be used to predict new topological insulators and semimetals.

doi: 10.1038/nature23268

p.306

Optical dating of sediments containing stone artefacts newly excavated at Madjedbebe, Australia, indicate that human occupation began around 65,000 years ago, thereby setting a new minimum age for the arrival of people in Australia.

doi: 10.1038/nature22968

p.311

Genomic analysis of 491 medulloblastoma samples, including methylation profiling of 1,256 cases, effectively assigns candidate drivers to most tumours across all molecular subgroups.

doi: 10.1038/nature22973

p.318

Human follicular helper T cells engaging in synaptic interactions with germinal centre B cells release dopamine stored in chromogranin B+ granules, causing rapid externalization of ICOS ligand, which in turn enhances CD40L delivery to the synaptic cleft and synaptic contact, and results in an accelerated response.

doi: 10.1038/nature23013

Letters

p.324

A positive magneto-thermoelectric conductance is observed in the Weyl semimetal niobium phosphide, suggesting the presence of the elusive mixed axial–gravitational anomaly.

doi: 10.1038/nature23005

p.328

Techniques exist for imaging the magnetization patterns of magnetic thin films and at the surfaces of magnets, but here hard-X-ray tomography is used to image the three-dimensional magnetic structure within a micrometre-sized magnet in the vicinity of Bloch points.

doi: 10.1038/nature23006

p.332

A complex containing two uranium ions and three potassium ions, held together by a nitride group and a flexible molecular framework, can reduce and functionalize N2 under mild conditions.

doi: 10.1038/nature23279

p.336

A huge smartphone dataset of physical activity yields global insights, revealing that activity inequality predicts obesity better than does volume of activity and that much of the inequality is a result of reduced activity in females.

doi: 10.1038/nature23018

p.340

Monozygotic twins show high concordance in eye- and mouth-looking, and this behaviour is markedly reduced in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder.

doi: 10.1038/nature22999

p.345

The authors encode pixel values of a short motion picture into the DNA of a population of Escherichia coli.

doi: 10.1038/nature23017

p.350

Two independent systems impairing hepatocyte proliferation during liver injury cause physiologically significant levels of functional hepatocyte regeneration from biliary cells.

doi: 10.1038/nature23015

p.355

An in vivo RNA interference screening strategy in glioblastoma enabled the identification of a host of epigenetic targets required for glioblastoma cell survival that were not identified by parallel standard screening in cell culture, including the transcription pause–release factor JMJD6, and could be a powerful tool to uncover new therapeutic targets in cancer.

doi: 10.1038/nature23000

p.360

New high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of the HIV-1 envelope protein provide a detailed description and understanding of how the HIV-1 fusion machinery functions and how it changes its structure over time to convert from the pre-fusion to the fusion-intermediate conformation.

doi: 10.1038/nature23010

p.364

Polymodal thermo- and mechanosensitive two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels of the TREK subfamily generate ‘leak’ currents that regulate neuronal excitability, respond to lipids, temperature and mechanical stretch, and influence pain, temperature perception and anaesthetic responses. These dimeric voltage-gated ion channel (VGIC) superfamily members have a unique topology comprising two pore-forming regions per subunit. In contrast to other potassium channels, K2P channels use a selectivity filter ‘C-type’ gate as the principal gating site. Despite recent advances, poor pharmacological profiles of K2P channels limit mechanistic and biological studies. Here we describe a class of small-molecule TREK activators that directly stimulate the C-type gate by acting as molecular wedges that restrict interdomain interface movement behind the selectivity filter. Structures of K2P2.1 (also known as TREK-1) alone and with two selective K2P2.1 (TREK-1) and K2P10.1 (TREK-2) activators—an N-aryl-sulfonamide, ML335, and a thiophene-carboxamide, ML402—define a cryptic binding pocket unlike other ion channel small-molecule binding sites and, together with functional studies, identify a cation–π interaction that controls selectivity. Together, our data reveal a druggable K2P site that stabilizes the C-type gate ‘leak mode’ and provide direct evidence for K2P selectivity filter gating.

doi: 10.1038/nature22988