Volume 539 Number 7628
리서치 하이라이트
컨텐츠
Editorials
Prejudices about research in particular countries harms the openness required for successful international relationships.
doi: 10.1038/539139b
Proposals to streamline infrastructure projects are headed in the wrong direction.
doi: 10.1038/539139a
Biologists in particular are writing their papers in a less formal style.
doi: 10.1038/539140a
News
Barrage of proposals would allow developers to sidestep environmental reviews.
doi: 10.1038/539147a
Government’s first Autumn Statement could reveal how it regards science.
doi: 10.1038/539148a
Biomedical funders worldwide are adopting the US agency’s free Relative Citation Ratio to analyse grant outcomes.
doi: 10.1038/539150a
World Health Organization asks research initiatives to focus on translating their findings into clinical benefits.
doi: 10.1038/539151a
Sub-Saharan project could one day help ecosystems to resist climate change and improve agriculture.
doi: 10.1038/539152a
Computerized search of trial registry lists worst offenders.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20930
News Features
Three things are needed to turn the tide on the costliest crisis in health care.
doi: 10.1038/539156a
News & Views
A nanoscale imaging method that uses ultrashort light pulses to initiate and follow the motion of a single molecule adsorbed on a solid surface opens a window onto the physical and chemical dynamics of molecules on surfaces. See Letter p.263
doi: 10.1038/539170a
In many mammals, the gene Ostn is expressed in muscles and bones. The discovery that the primate OSTN gene has been repurposed to also act in neurons provides clues to how humans evolved their cognitive abilities. See Article p.242
doi: 10.1038/539171a
doi: 10.1038/539173a
Expression of a blood-cancer-associated genetic mutation in the non-blood cells of the bone marrow is sufficient to cause blood cancer in mice. This finding could point to new approaches to treating an often-fatal disease. See Letter p.304
doi: 10.1038/nature19479
The discovery in 1936 that rats respond to various damaging stimuli with a general response that involves alarm, resistance and exhaustion launched the discipline of stress research.
doi: 10.1038/nature20473
Interactions between the magnetic dipoles of dysprosium atoms in an ultracold gas can produce a 'self-bound' droplet. This provides a useful isolated system for probing the quantum-mechanical properties of ultracold gases. See Letter p.259
doi: 10.1038/539176a
Two monkeys subjected to a spinal-cord injury that paralysed one leg have regained the ability to walk, thanks to technology that re-establishes communication between the brain and spinal cord. See Letter p.284
doi: 10.1038/539177a
Articles
The extinct Andreolepis, an early fish that is close to the common ancestor of all bony fish and land vertebrates, shed its teeth by basal resportion—the earliest example of this mode of tooth replacement.
doi: 10.1038/nature19812
Osteocrin is a non-neuronal secreted protein in mice that has been evolutionarily repurposed to act as a neuronal development factor in primates.
doi: 10.1038/nature20111
Transplanted embryonic neurons in mice mature and achieve adult-like properties within 4–8 weeks, receiving appropriate inputs and establishing stimulus-selective responses.
doi: 10.1038/nature20113
Natural isolates of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes differ in their sensitivity to the anti-exploratory pheromone icas#9, yielding two distinct foraging strategies that possess different survival advantages depending on environmental conditions such as food distribution.
doi: 10.1038/nature19848
Letters
A self-bound quantum droplet of magnetic atoms is observed in a trap-free levitation field.
doi: 10.1038/nature20126
Watching a single molecule move calls for measurements that combine ultrafast temporal resolution with atomic spatial resolution; this is now shown to be possible by combining scanning tunnelling microscopy with lightwave electronics, through a technique that involves removing a single electron from the highest occupied orbital of a single pentacene molecule in a time window shorter than an oscillation cycle of light.
doi: 10.1038/nature19816
Catalytic alkylation of C–H bonds is achieved via homolysis of N–H bonds of N-alkyl amides through proton-coupled electron transfer.
doi: 10.1038/nature19811
Carbon–carbon (C–C) bond formation is paramount in the synthesis of biologically relevant molecules, modern synthetic materials and commodity chemicals such as fuels and lubricants. Traditionally, the presence of a functional group is required at the site of C–C bond formation. Strategies that allow C–C bond formation at inert carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds enable access to molecules that would otherwise be inaccessible and the development of more efficient syntheses of complex molecules. Here we report a method for the formation of C–C bonds by directed cleavage of traditionally non-reactive C–H bonds and their subsequent coupling with readily available alkenes. Our methodology allows for amide-directed selective C–C bond formation at unactivated sp3 C–H bonds in molecules that contain many such bonds that are seemingly indistinguishable. Selectivity arises through a relayed photoredox-catalysed oxidation of a nitrogen–hydrogen bond. We anticipate that our findings will serve as a starting point for functionalization at inert C–H bonds through a strategy involving hydrogen-atom transfer.
doi: 10.1038/nature19810
About a third of the sediment delivery of the Mekong River is shown to be associated with rainfall generated by tropical cyclones, suggesting that future delta stability will be strongly moderated by changes to tropical cyclone intensity, frequency and track.
doi: 10.1038/nature19809
Warratyi rock shelter shows evidence of human occupation approximately 50,000 years ago, development of tool use and cultural innovation, and interaction with now-extinct megafauna in arid Australia.
doi: 10.1038/nature20125
A wireless brain–spine interface is presented that enables macaques with a spinal cord injury to regain locomotor movements of a paralysed leg.
doi: 10.1038/nature20118
In mice, glutamatergic globus pallidus neurons projecting to the lateral habenula (GPh neurons) bi-directionally encode positive and negative prediction error signals that are critical for outcome evaluation and are driven by a subset of basal ganglia circuits.
doi: 10.1038/nature19845
Mice with macrophages deficient in fatty acid synthase exhibit lower levels of diabetes-related insulin resistance and inflammation, qualities that are restored on addition of exogenous cholesterol.
doi: 10.1038/nature20117
Using a protocol that recapitulates both meiosis and oocyte growth in vitro, the authors induce mouse pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into fully functional oocytes that can be fertilized and generate viable offspring, thereby recapitulating the full mammalian female germline cycle in a dish.
doi: 10.1038/nature20104
Mutations in the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 affect cells in the bone marrow environment, which leads to aberrant activation of resident haematopoietic stem cells and thereby contributes to the development of leukaemia.
doi: 10.1038/nature20131
Single-cell RNA-seq in human gliomas identifies cycling cancer stem cells and their differentiated glial-like cell progeny.
doi: 10.1038/nature20123