Judge science on merit, not assumptions p.139
Prejudices about research in particular countries harms the openness required for successful international relationships.doi: 10.1038/539139b
네이처 컨텐츠
Volume 539 Number 7628
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 성체의 신피질 신경회로와 결합된 이식된 배아 신경 세포
유치 교체와 관련된 경골어류 치아 진화의 기원이 되는 Andreolepis 화석
유인원의 뇌 발달에 관여하는 것으로 보이는 오스테오크린
개체군 밀도에 의한 개인의 사회적 행동 조절
희석된 자기 양자 액체의 자체 결합 물방울 형성
열대성 저기압 활동 반경의 변화에 따른 하구 삼각주 침전물 감소
당뇨병에서 만성 염증 반응과 관련된 지방산 합성
줄기세포 미세 환경 내에서 백혈병을 활성화시키는 Ptpn11 유전자 돌연변이
인간 희돌기교종에서 계층적 발달 현상을 지지하는 단일 세포 RNA 염기서열 분석 결과
컨텐츠
Editorials
Don’t bypass Brazil’s environmental protections p.139
Proposals to streamline infrastructure projects are headed in the wrong direction.doi: 10.1038/539139a
Scientific language is becoming more informal p.140
Biologists in particular are writing their papers in a less formal style.doi: 10.1038/539140a
News
Political upheaval threatens Brazil’s environmental protections p.147
Barrage of proposals would allow developers to sidestep environmental reviews.doi: 10.1038/539147a
Brexit chancellor’s annual address is a science nail-biter p.148
Government’s first Autumn Statement could reveal how it regards science.doi: 10.1038/539148a
The quiet rise of the NIH’s hot new metric p.150
Biomedical funders worldwide are adopting the US agency’s free Relative Citation Ratio to analyse grant outcomes.doi: 10.1038/539150a
Big brain projects urged to aid public health p.151
World Health Organization asks research initiatives to focus on translating their findings into clinical benefits.doi: 10.1038/539151a
Quest to map Africa’s soil microbiome begins p.152
Sub-Saharan project could one day help ecosystems to resist climate change and improve agriculture.doi: 10.1038/539152a
Tracker flags up failures to report clinical trials p.153
Computerized search of trial registry lists worst offenders.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20930
News Features
How to defeat dementia p.156
Three things are needed to turn the tide on the costliest crisis in health care.doi: 10.1038/539156a
News & Views
Single-molecule instant replay p.170
A nanoscale imaging method that uses ultrashort light pulses to initiate and follow the motion of a single molecule adsorbed on a solid surface opens a window onto the physical and chemical dynamics of molecules on surfaces. See Letter p.263doi: 10.1038/539170a
Genomic remodelling in the primate brain p.171
In many mammals, the gene Ostn is expressed in muscles and bones. The discovery that the primate OSTN gene has been repurposed to also act in neurons provides clues to how humans evolved their cognitive abilities. See Article p.242doi: 10.1038/539171a
Cliffs make a hasty retreat p.173
doi: 10.1038/539173a
Bad neighbours cause bad blood p.173
Expression of a blood-cancer-associated genetic mutation in the non-blood cells of the bone marrow is sufficient to cause blood cancer in mice. This finding could point to new approaches to treating an often-fatal disease. See Letter p.304doi: 10.1038/nature19479
Eighty years of stress p.175
The discovery in 1936 that rats respond to various damaging stimuli with a general response that involves alarm, resistance and exhaustion launched the discipline of stress research.doi: 10.1038/nature20473
A strange kind of liquid p.176
Interactions between the magnetic dipoles of dysprosium atoms in an ultracold gas can produce a 'self-bound' droplet. This provides a useful isolated system for probing the quantum-mechanical properties of ultracold gases. See Letter p.259doi: 10.1038/539176a
Neural interfaces take another step forward p.177
Two monkeys subjected to a spinal-cord injury that paralysed one leg have regained the ability to walk, thanks to technology that re-establishes communication between the brain and spinal cord. See Letter p.284doi: 10.1038/539177a
Articles
The stem osteichthyan Andreolepis and the origin of tooth replacement p.237
The extinct Andreolepis, an early fish that is close to the common ancestor of all bony fish and land vertebrates, shed its teeth by basal resportion—the earliest example of this mode of tooth replacement.doi: 10.1038/nature19812
Evolution of Osteocrin as an activity-regulated factor in the primate brain p.242
Osteocrin is a non-neuronal secreted protein in mice that has been evolutionarily repurposed to act as a neuronal development factor in primates.doi: 10.1038/nature20111
Transplanted embryonic neurons integrate into adult neocortical circuits p.248
Transplanted embryonic neurons in mice mature and achieve adult-like properties within 4–8 weeks, receiving appropriate inputs and establishing stimulus-selective responses.doi: 10.1038/nature20113
Balancing selection shapes density-dependent foraging behaviour p.254
Natural isolates of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes differ in their sensitivity to the anti-exploratory pheromone icas#9, yielding two distinct foraging strategies that possess different survival advantages depending on environmental conditions such as food distribution.doi: 10.1038/nature19848
Letters
Self-bound droplets of a dilute magnetic quantum liquid p.259
A self-bound quantum droplet of magnetic atoms is observed in a trap-free levitation field.doi: 10.1038/nature20126
Tracking the ultrafast motion of a single molecule by femtosecond orbital imaging p.263
Watching a single molecule move calls for measurements that combine ultrafast temporal resolution with atomic spatial resolution; this is now shown to be possible by combining scanning tunnelling microscopy with lightwave electronics, through a technique that involves removing a single electron from the highest occupied orbital of a single pentacene molecule in a time window shorter than an oscillation cycle of light.doi: 10.1038/nature19816
Catalytic alkylation of remote C–H bonds enabled by proton-coupled electron transfer p.268
Catalytic alkylation of C–H bonds is achieved via homolysis of N–H bonds of N-alkyl amides through proton-coupled electron transfer.doi: 10.1038/nature19811
Amide-directed photoredox-catalysed C–C bond formation at unactivated sp3 C–H bonds p.272
Carbon–carbon (C–C) bond formation is paramount in the synthesis of biologically relevant molecules, modern synthetic materials and commodity chemicals such as fuels and lubricants. Traditionally, the presence of a functional group is required at the site of C–C bond formation. Strategies that allow C–C bond formation at inert carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds enable access to molecules that would otherwise be inaccessible and the development of more efficient syntheses of complex molecules
doi: 10.1038/nature19810
Fluvial sediment supply to a mega-delta reduced by shifting tropical-cyclone activity p.276
About a third of the sediment delivery of the Mekong River is shown to be associated with rainfall generated by tropical cyclones, suggesting that future delta stability will be strongly moderated by changes to tropical cyclone intensity, frequency and track.doi: 10.1038/nature19809
Cultural innovation and megafauna interaction in the early settlement of arid Australia p.280
Warratyi rock shelter shows evidence of human occupation approximately 50,000 years ago, development of tool use and cultural innovation, and interaction with now-extinct megafauna in arid Australia.doi: 10.1038/nature20125
A brain–spine interface alleviating gait deficits after spinal cord injury in primates p.284
A wireless brain–spine interface is presented that enables macaques with a spinal cord injury to regain locomotor movements of a paralysed leg.doi: 10.1038/nature20118
A basal ganglia circuit for evaluating action outcomes p.289
In mice, glutamatergic globus pallidus neurons projecting to the lateral habenula (GPh neurons) bi-directionally encode positive and negative prediction error signals that are critical for outcome evaluation and are driven by a subset of basal ganglia circuits.doi: 10.1038/nature19845
Fatty acid synthesis configures the plasma membrane for inflammation in diabetes p.294
Mice with macrophages deficient in fatty acid synthase exhibit lower levels of diabetes-related insulin resistance and inflammation, qualities that are restored on addition of exogenous cholesterol.doi: 10.1038/nature20117
Reconstitution in vitro of the entire cycle of the mouse female germ line p.299
Using a protocol that recapitulates both meiosis and oocyte growth in vitro, the authors induce mouse pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into fully functional oocytes that can be fertilized and generate viable offspring, thereby recapitulating the full mammalian female germline cycle in a dish.doi: 10.1038/nature20104
Leukaemogenic effects of Ptpn11 activating mutations in the stem cell microenvironment p.304
Mutations in the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 affect cells in the bone marrow environment, which leads to aberrant activation of resident haematopoietic stem cells and thereby contributes to the development of leukaemia.doi: 10.1038/nature20131
Single-cell RNA-seq supports a developmental hierarchy in human oligodendroglioma p.309
Single-cell RNA-seq in human gliomas identifies cycling cancer stem cells and their differentiated glial-like cell progeny.doi: 10.1038/nature20123
