Source material p.437
Geneticists and historians need to work together on using DNA to explore the past.doi: 10.1038/533437b
Volume 533 Issue 7604
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 상호 협동성 포유류에서의 경쟁적인 개체 번식
케타민 대사체를 이용한 NMDAR 억제와는 다른 항 우울 작용 확인
단일 세포 해상도의 조혈모 세포 추적 관찰
암세포와 성상세포 간의 갭 정션 형성에 의한 뇌 전이 촉진 현상
미토콘드리아와 세포질 번역 프로그램 간의 상호 연동
초거대 블랙홀 가스 방출에 의한 비활동성 은하계에서의 별 생성 억제
고온 강자성 기하학적 절연체와 전도성 재료의 하이브리드 형성
수컷 초파리의 거대 정자의 진화
배양 불가능한 인간 장내 미생물의 단세포 분리 성공 및 분류학적 분석
컨텐츠
Editorials
Reality check on reproducibility p.437
A survey of Nature readers revealed a high level of concern about the problem of irreproducible results. Researchers, funders and journals need to work together to make research more reliable.doi: 10.1038/533437a
Crunch time p.438
Overtime pay for postdoctoral scientists is welcome — but could mean fewer positions.doi: 10.1038/533438a
News
Three-person embryos may fail to vanquish mutant mitochondria p.445
Technique to stop children inheriting mitochondrial diseases has potential to backfire.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19948
Next generation of carbon-monitoring satellites faces daunting hurdles p.446
Space agencies envisage system of probes to track whether countries are achieving emissions goals.doi: 10.1038/533446a
Silicon quantum computers take shape in Australia p.448
Two blueprints emerge from centre tasked with creating a practical quantum device.doi: 10.1038/533448a
Myriad Genetics embroiled in breast-cancer data fight — again p.449
Complaint to US government alleges that diagnostics company violated individuals' right to access health information.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19953
US reviews plan to infect mosquitoes with bacteria to stop disease p.450
Biotech firm seeks government approval to market mosquitoes as a pesticide to prevent spread of Zika and dengue viruses.doi: 10.1038/533450a
US law could increase postdoc pay — and shake up research system p.450
Labour law will change how many postdocs — long a troubled segment of the US research hierarchy — are paid.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19949
News Features
1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility p.452
Survey sheds light on the ‘crisis’ rocking research.doi: 10.1038/533452a
The secret history of ancient toilets p.456
By scouring the remains of early loos and sewers, archaeologists are finding clues to what life was like in the Roman world and in other civilizations.doi: 10.1038/533456a
News & Views
Choreography of protein synthesis p.472
Both nuclear genes and genes in organelles called mitochondria are involved in the assembly of the cellular energy-producing machinery. RNA-translation programs that coordinate the two systems have now been identified. See Article p.499doi: 10.1038/nature18436
How black holes restrain old galaxies p.473
Supermassive black holes are thought to keep star formation under control by ejecting or stirring gas in galaxies. Observations of an old galaxy reveal a potential mechanism for how this process occurs. See Letter p.504doi: 10.1038/533473a
Killer enzymes tethered p.474
Caspase enzymes promote cell death, but are also involved in sperm development in fruit flies. The discovery that, in sperm, caspase activation is restricted to the surface of organelles called mitochondria sheds light on this unusual role.doi: 10.1038/nature18439
The bigger, the better p.476
doi: 10.1038/533476a
Ketamine steps out of the darkness p.477
The way in which ketamine exerts its antidepressant effects has been perplexing. Evidence that a metabolite of the drug is responsible, and acts on a different target from ketamine, might be the key to an answer. See Article p.481doi: 10.1038/nature17897
Unexpected player in particle formation p.478
Three studies find that a family of organic compounds affects the formation and initial growth of atmospheric aerosol particles in clean air — with implications for our knowledge of the climate effects of aerosols. See Letters p.521 & 527doi: 10.1038/533478a
Articles
NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites p.481
The metabolism of ketamine to (2S,6S;2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) is essential for its antidepressant effects, and the (2R,6R)-HNK enantiomer lacks ketamine-related side effects but exerts rapid and sustained antidepressant actions in mice; these antidepressant effects are independent of NMDAR inhibition but require AMPAR activity.doi: 10.1038/nature17998
Tracing haematopoietic stem cell formation at single-cell resolution p.487
Successful identification of mouse embryonic pre-haematopoietic stem cells at single-cell resolution.doi: 10.1038/nature17997
Carcinoma–astrocyte gap junctions promote brain metastasis by cGAMP transfer p.493
A heterotypic cell interaction between astrocytes and tumour cells colonizing the brain is discovered; by establishing gap junctions, tumour cells trigger the activation of innate immune response signalling in astrocytes, which results in the secretion of factors that support growth and chemoresistance in brain metastatic cells.doi: 10.1038/nature18268
Synchronized mitochondrial and cytosolic translation programs p.499
The genes encoding the subunits of oxidative phosphorylation complexes are split between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, but their translation is synchronized by signalling from the cytosol to the mitochondria.doi: 10.1038/nature18015
Letters
Suppressing star formation in quiescent galaxies with supermassive black hole winds p.504
In order for quiescent galaxies to maintain their low-to-non-existent star formation, there must be a mechanism to remove or heat gas that would otherwise cool to form stars; now supermassive black hole winds that are sufficient to suppress star formation in such galaxies are reported.doi: 10.1038/nature18006
A resonant chain of four transiting, sub-Neptune planets p.509
Transit timing variations of the four-planet system Kepler-223 are used to compute the long-term stability of the system, which has a chain of resonances; the results suggest that inward planetary migration, rather than in situ assembly, is responsible for the formation of some close-in sub-Neptune systems.doi: 10.1038/nature17445
A high-temperature ferromagnetic topological insulating phase by proximity coupling p.513
Coupling a ferromagnetic insulator to a topological insulator induces a robust magnetic state at the interface, resulting from the large spin-orbit interaction and the spin-momentum locking property of Dirac fermions, and leads to an extraordinary enhancement of the magnetic ordering (Curie) temperature.doi: 10.1038/nature17635
Continuous probing of cold complex molecules with infrared frequency comb spectroscopy p.517
Combining cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy with buffer gas cooling enables rapid collection of well-resolved infrared spectra for molecules such as nitromethane, naphthalene and adamantane, confirming the value of the combined approach for studying much larger and more complex molecules than have been probed so far.doi: 10.1038/nature17440
Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles OPEN p.521
Aerosol particles can form in the atmosphere by nucleation of highly oxidized biogenic vapours in the absence of sulfuric acid, with ions from Galactic cosmic rays increasing the nucleation rate by one to two orders of magnitude compared with neutral nucleation.doi: 10.1038/nature17953
The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere OPEN p.527
The growth of nucleated organic particles has been investigated in controlled laboratory experiments under atmospheric conditions; initial growth is driven by organic vapours of extremely low volatility, and accelerated by more abundant vapours of slightly higher volatility, leading to markedly different modelled concentrations of atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei when this growth mechanism is taken into account.doi: 10.1038/nature18271
Competitive growth in a cooperative mammal p.532
In wild Kalahari meerkats (Suricata suricatta), subordinates of both sexes respond to experimentally induced increases in the growth of same-sex rivals by raising their own growth rate and food intake.doi: 10.1038/nature17986
How sexual selection can drive the evolution of costly sperm ornamentation p.535
The ‘big-sperm paradox’, the observed production of few, gigantic sperm by some fruit flies (seemingly at odds with fundamental theory addressing how sexual selection works) is shown to be a result of co-evolution driven by genetic and functional relationships between sperm length, design of the female reproductive tract and features of the mating system.doi: 10.1038/nature18005
Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment p.539
A genome-wide association study in 293,723 individuals identifies 74 genetic variants associated with educational attainment, which, although only explaining a small proportion of the variation in educational attainment, highlights candidate genes and pathways for further study.doi: 10.1038/nature17671
Culturing of ‘unculturable’ human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation OPEN p.543
A novel approach is used to cultivate a substantial proportion of the human gut microbiota, representing an important step forward in characterizing the role of these bacteria in health and disease.doi: 10.1038/nature17645
Redirecting abiraterone metabolism to fine-tune prostate cancer anti-androgen therapy p.547
The prostate cancer drug abiraterone can be metabolized into several substances with different effects, and optimization of this process could be helpful for fine-tuning the treatment of prostate cancer.doi: 10.1038/nature17954
Access of protective antiviral antibody to neuronal tissues requires CD4 T-cell help p.552
Interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ helper T cells are required for antibody access to neuronal tissues in response to neurotropic virus infections.doi: 10.1038/nature17979
Structural insights into inhibition of lipid I production in bacterial cell wall synthesis p.557
The crystal structure of the MraY enzyme from Aquifex aeolicus in complex with the naturally occurring nucleoside inhibitor muraymycin D2 (MD2) reveals that MraY undergoes a large conformational rearrangement near the active site after the binding of MD2, leading to the generation of a nucleoside-binding pocket and a peptide-binding site.doi: 10.1038/nature17636
Crystal structure of the human sterol transporter ABCG5/ABCG8 p.561
The X-ray structure of human ABCG5/ABCG8 heterodimer in a nucleotide-free state, being the first atomic model of an ABC sterol transporter.doi: 10.1038/nature17666
