The nuclear option p.7
China is vigorously promoting nuclear energy, but its pursuit of reprocessing is misguided.doi: 10.1038/533007b
Volume 533 Issue 7601
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 실패한 실험에서 머신 러닝을 이용한 유용한 화학반응 발굴
229Th 핵 시계 전이에 대한 직접적인 관찰
1차 시각 대뇌 피질에서의 감각 지도 위상학에 관련된 주요 원리
지속적인 진화를 통한 Bt 독소 내성 병원성 곤충 극복
초 발광 X-선 방출원에서의 초고속 방출 현상
지구 맨틀에 존재하는 구립 운석 유래의 제논 동위원소
좌우 대칭성 동물에서 연골 발달과 관련된 잘 보존된 유전적 프로그램
파킨슨 질환 발병 위험성과 관련된 알파 시누클린의 유전자 발현 조절
SHIV 챌린지 모델에서 항 HIV-1 항체 단회 투여를 통한 보호 작용
컨텐츠
Editorials
Lessons from the Ancient One p.7
The final stages of a dispute over an ancient Native American skeleton signal the need for clearer oversight of such human remains.doi: 10.1038/533007a
Fat lot of good p.8
Humans' exceptional ability to burn through calories fuels our evolution.doi: 10.1038/533008a
News
Human embryos grown in lab for longer than ever before p.15
Embryos cultured for up to 13 days after fertilization open a window into early development.doi: 10.1038/533015a
Australia softens blow of climate job cuts p.16
New research centre at national science agency CSIRO adds 40 jobs, amid hundreds of redundancies.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19831
Software error doomed Japanese Hitomi spacecraft p.18
Space agency declares the astronomy satellite a loss.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19835
US and China eye up European gravitational-wave mission p.19
Space-based detector draws interest, but regulatory hurdles might complicate a partnership.doi: 10.1038/533019a
Stem-cell plan aims to bring rhino back from brink of extinction p.20
Ambitious effort depends on transformation of rhino tissue into sperm and egg cells.doi: 10.1038/533020a
News Features
Can artificial intelligence create the next wonder material? p.22
Some researchers believe that machine-learning techniques can revolutionize how materials science is done.doi: 10.1038/533022a
Nine years of censorship p.26
Canadian scientists are now allowed to speak out about their work — and the government policy that had restricted communications.doi: 10.1038/533026a
News & Views
Clockwork at the atomic scale p.38
Design rules for exotic materials known as polar metals have been put into practice in thin films. The findings will motivate studies of how a phenomenon called screening can be manipulated to generate new phases in metals. See Letter p.68doi: 10.1038/nature17890
Evolved to overcome Bt-toxin resistance p.39
Insects readily evolve resistance to insecticidal proteins that are introduced into genetically modified crop plants. Continuous directed evolution has now been used to engineer a toxin that overcomes insect resistance. See Article p.58doi: 10.1038/nature17893
Guilt by genetic association p.40
Certain sequence variants of the α-synuclein gene are linked to the risk of Parkinson's disease. An analysis of these variants using gene-editing technology provides a possible explanation for this increased risk. See Letter p.95doi: 10.1038/nature17891
Mum's microbes boost baby's immunity p.42
The microorganisms that colonize pregnant mice have been shown to prime the innate immune system in newborn offspring, preparing them for life in association with microbes.doi: 10.1038/nature17895
Ubiquitination without E1 and E2 enzymes p.43
A protein in the pathogenic bacterium Legionella pneumophila has been found to attach the modifying molecule ubiquitin to human proteins, using a mechanism that, surprisingly, does not involve cellular E1 and E2 enzymes. See Letter p.120doi: 10.1038/nature17888
Elusive transition spotted in thorium p.44
The highly precise atomic clocks used in science and technology are based on electronic transitions in atoms. The discovery of a nuclear transition in thorium-229 raises hopes of making nuclear clocks a reality. See Article p.47doi: 10.1038/533044a
Articles
Direct detection of the 229Th nuclear clock transition p.47
Direct detection of the 229Th nuclear clock transition has been achieved, placing direct constraints on transition energy and half-life; these results are a step towards a nuclear clock, nuclear quantum optics and a nuclear laser.doi: 10.1038/nature17669
Principles underlying sensory map topography in primary visual cortex p.52
Recordings from cat visual cortex show that the cortical maps for stimulus orientation, direction and retinal disparity depend on an organization in which thalamic axons with similar retinotopy and light/dark responses are clustered together in the cortex.doi: 10.1038/nature17936
Continuous evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins overcomes insect resistance p.58
Phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE) rapidly evolves Bacillus thuringiensis toxins through more than 500 generations of mutation, selection, and replication to bind a receptor expressed on the surface of insect-pest midgut cells.doi: 10.1038/nature17938
Letters
Resolved atomic lines reveal outflows in two ultraluminous X-ray sources p.64
Ultraluminous X-ray sources are thought to be powered by accretion onto a compact object; now the discovery of X-ray emission lines and blueshifted absorption lines in the high-resolution spectra of ultraluminous X-ray sources NGC 1313 X-1 and NGC 5408 X-1 shows that in each case the compact object is surrounded by powerful winds with an outflow velocity of about 0.2 times that of light.doi: 10.1038/nature17417
Polar metals by geometric design p.68
Ab initio calculations are used to identify the structural conditions under which a polar state in metals might be stabilized; this information is used to guide the experimental realization of new room-temperature polar metals.doi: 10.1038/nature17628
Machine-learning-assisted materials discovery using failed experiments p.73
Failed chemical reactions are rarely reported, even though they could still provide information about the bounds on the reaction conditions needed for product formation; here data from such reactions are used to train a machine-learning algorithm, which is subsequently able to predict reaction outcomes with greater accuracy than human intuition.doi: 10.1038/nature17439
Scalable and sustainable electrochemical allylic C–H oxidation p.77
An electrochemical C–H oxidation strategy that exhibits broad substrate scope, operational simplicity and high chemoselectivity is described; it uses inexpensive and readily available materials and represents a scalable allylic C–H oxidation that could be adopted in large-scale industrial settings without substantial environmental impact.doi: 10.1038/nature17431
Chondritic xenon in the Earth’s mantle p.82
High-precision analysis of magmatic gas from the Eifel volcanic area in Germany suggests that the light xenon isotopes reflect a chondritic primordial component that differs from the precursor of atmospheric xenon, consistent with an asteroidal origin for the volatile elements in the Earth’s mantle.doi: 10.1038/nature17434
The genetic program for cartilage development has deep homology within Bilateria p.86
Vertebrate and invertebrate cartilage share structural and biochemical properties, and their development is controlled by a highly conserved genetic circuit, suggesting that a deeply homologous mechanism underlies the parallel evolution of cartilage in Bilateria.doi: 10.1038/nature17398
Topology of ON and OFF inputs in visual cortex enables an invariant columnar architecture p.90
Two-photon imaging of calcium signals in the tree shrew visual cortex shows that light-responsive and dark-responsive inputs have distinct arrangements that allow the cortex to map the orientation, visual location and spatial phase of visual stimuli.doi: 10.1038/nature17941
Parkinson-associated risk variant in distal enhancer of α-synuclein modulates target gene expression p.95
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic variants associated with complex diseases, but mechanistic insights are impeded by a lack of understanding of how specific risk variants functionally contribute to the underlying pathogenesis
doi: 10.1038/nature17939
Unique human immune signature of Ebola virus disease in Guinea p.100
Fatal Ebola virus disease is characterized by a high proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing the inhibitory molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1, correlating with high virus load; individuals who survive the infection exhibit lower expression of these inhibitory molecules and generate Ebola-specific CD8+ T cells, suggesting that dysregulation of the T cell response is a key component of Ebola virus disease pathophysiology.doi: 10.1038/nature17949
A single injection of anti-HIV-1 antibodies protects against repeated SHIV challenges p.105
A single injection of four anti-HIV-1-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies blocks repeated weekly low-dose virus challenges of simian/human immunodeficiency virus.doi: 10.1038/nature17677
EBI2 augments Tfh cell fate by promoting interaction with IL-2-quenching dendritic cells p.110
The differentiation of T follicular helper cells requires the G-protein-coupled receptor Ebi2 as well as the interaction with CD25-producing dendritic cells that quench T-cell-derived interleukin-2.doi: 10.1038/nature17947
Noncanonical autophagy inhibits the autoinflammatory, lupus-like response to dying cells p.115
Defects in LC3-associated phagocytosis in mice are shown to result in systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease; dying cells are engulfed but not degraded in LAP-deficient mice, resulting in increased serum levels of autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines, and evidence of kidney disease.doi: 10.1038/nature17950
Ubiquitination independent of E1 and E2 enzymes by bacterial effectors p.120
An unprecedented mechanism of ubiquitination that is independent of E1 and E2 enzymes, instead relying on activation of ubiquitin by ADP-ribosylation, and which is mediated by members of the SidE effector family encoded by the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila, establishes that ubiquitination can be carried out by a single enzyme.doi: 10.1038/nature17657
Efficient introduction of specific homozygous and heterozygous mutations using CRISPR/Cas9 p.125
A CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing framework has been developed that allows controlled introduction of mono- and bi-allelic sequence changes, and is used to generate induced human pluripotent stem cells with heterozygous and homozygous dominant mutations in amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 that have been associated with early onset Alzheimer’s disease.doi: 10.1038/nature17664
