Safety in neutrons p.5
To boost nuclear security, research reactors must eliminate highly enriched uranium.doi: 10.1038/532005b
Volume 532 Issue 7597
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 사회적 정신 건강을 유지하기 위한 새로운 기술 발전
기후 조절 능력을 가진 토양의 기능
집중력 장애 등과 같은 다양한 신경 질환과 관련된 시상 그물핵 내 Ptchd1Y 유전자 결손
점막 감염에 중요한 역할을 하는 곰팡이 독소, 칸디다라이신
지구와 인접한 초신성 폭발에 의해서 형성된 지각 내 60Fe 방사선 동위원소
압력을 가한 황화수소 시스템에 의한 고온 초전도 현상
포식자 냄새에 반응하는 스트레스 호르몬과 관련된 후각 대뇌피질 특정 영역
일배체 배아 줄기세포
뇌 해면성 기형과 관련된 MEKK3-KLF2/4 신호 전달 경로
컨텐츠
Editorials
Viral complacency p.5
The first outbreak of yellow fever in Angola in almost 30 years illustrates the danger of a short attention span when confronting epidemic threats.doi: 10.1038/532005a
Mind matters p.6
Mental illness is moving up the global agenda — but there is still much to do.doi: 10.1038/532006a
News
Trump’s immigration stance stokes fears for science p.13
Rhetoric in US presidential campaign concerns researchers — particularly Muslims.doi: 10.1038/532013a
Controversial dark-matter claim faces ultimate test p.14
Multiple teams finally have the material they need to repeat enigmatic experiment.doi: 10.1038/532014a
Zika highlights role of controversial fetal-tissue research p.16
Fetal tissue may prove crucial to probing link between virus and birth defects.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19655
Snow-sensing fleet to unlock water's icy secrets p.17
Airborne experiments aim to fill in the blanks of global water resources as the climate changes.doi: 10.1038/532017a
Flagship brain project releases neuro-computing tools p.18
Human Brain Project asks wider neuroscience community to start using its hardware and software.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19672
Negotiations to tame marine Wild West begin p.18
Nations debate how to protect biodiversity in the high seas.doi: 10.1038/532018a
News Features
There’s an app for that p.20
Smartphone apps claim to help conditions from addiction to schizophrenia, but few have been thoroughly tested.doi: 10.1038/532020a
News & Views
Supernovae in the neighbourhood p.40
Detailed measurements of radioisotopes in deep-sea deposits, plus modelling of how they reached Earth, indicate that many supernovae have occurred near enough to have potentially influenced evolution. See Letters p.69 & p.73doi: 10.1038/532040a
Fungus produces a toxic surprise p.41
A protein fragment released by filaments of the fungus Candida albicans destroys host cells. This is the first demonstration that human fungal pathogens other than moulds can release toxic peptides. See Article p.64doi: 10.1038/nature17319
Shaped by sea-level shifts p.42
An analysis of changes in island topography and climate that have occurred since the last glacial maximum 21,000 years ago shows how sea-level change has influenced the current biodiversity of oceanic islands. See Letter p.99doi: 10.1038/nature17880
Water's past revisited to predict its future p.44
A reconstruction of 1,200 years of water's history in the Northern Hemisphere, based on proxy data, fuels the debate about whether anthropogenic climate change affected twentieth-century precipitation. See Letter p.94doi: 10.1038/532044a
Untangling autism p.45
A clever dissection of the roles of the Ptchd1 gene in the brains of mice demonstrates one way to untangle the complex relationships between the causes and symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders. See Article p.58doi: 10.1038/nature17311
Breaks in the brain p.46
A high-throughput approach has found clusters of DNA double-strand breaks in neural cells. Most of the clusters are in large genes that are associated with neural function, which suggests that the breaks may have tissue-specific roles.doi: 10.1038/nature17316
Perspective
Climate-smart soils p.49
The potential of soils to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions has not been exploited; here we discuss and recommend research and technology developments to implement mitigation practices.doi: 10.1038/nature17174
Articles
Thalamic reticular impairment underlies attention deficit in Ptchd1Y/− mice p.58
PTCHD1 deletion in humans leads to attention deficits, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorders; mouse PTCHD1 is enriched in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and TRN-restricted Ptchd1 deletion in mice led to attention-deficit hyperactivity, which could be rescued by modulating calcium-dependent potassium channel activity, suggesting that a TRN deficit may underlie core impairments associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and it may be possible to identify therapeutic targets for individuals with attention disorders.doi: 10.1038/nature17427
Candidalysin is a fungal peptide toxin critical for mucosal infection p.64
This study identifies a cytolytic peptide toxin in the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans—the peptide is both a crucial virulence factor that permeabilizes the host cell plasma membrane and a key signal that triggers a host danger response pathway.doi: 10.1038/nature17625
Letters
Recent near-Earth supernovae probed by global deposition of interstellar radioactive 60Fe p.69
The rate of supernovae in our local Galactic neighbourhood within a distance of about 100 parsecs from Earth is estimated to be one every 2–4 million years, based on the total rate in the Milky Way (2.0 ± 0.7 per century
doi: 10.1038/nature17196
The locations of recent supernovae near the Sun from modelling 60Fe transport p.73
The signature of
doi: 10.1038/nature17424
Coherent feedback control of a single qubit in diamond p.77
A feedback-control algorithm implemented using a solid-state spin qubit system associated with the nitrogen vacancy centre in diamond is demonstrated; the algorithm uses coherent feedback to overcome the limitations of measurement-based feedback and protects the qubit against intrinsic dephasing noise, making it stable for milliseconds.doi: 10.1038/nature17404
Quantum hydrogen-bond symmetrization in the superconducting hydrogen sulfide system p.81
Ab initio calculations are used to determine the contribution of quantum fluctuations to the crystal structure of the high-pressure superconducting phase of H3S and D3S; the quantum nature of the proton is found to fundamentally change the superconducting phase diagram of H3S.doi: 10.1038/nature17175
Continuous directional water transport on the peristome surface of Nepenthes alata p.85
Insects are captured by the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata when they ‘aquaplane’ on the wet rim, or ‘peristome’, of the plant’s pitcher organ; here it is shown that unidirectional water flow is crucial to the complete wetting of the peristome, and that the underlying mechanism involves multiscale structural features.doi: 10.1038/nature17189
Nineteen-step total synthesis of (+)-phorbol p.90
Enantiospecific total synthesis of (+)-phorbol in only 19 steps from the abundant monoterpene (+)-3-carene is demonstrated using a two-phase terpene synthesis strategy.doi: 10.1038/nature17153
Northern Hemisphere hydroclimate variability over the past twelve centuries p.94
A very large set of proxy data is used to reconstruct Northern Hemisphere hydroclimate variability over the past twelve centuries, to benchmark climate model simulations of hydroclimate; the twentieth-century intensification of hydroclimate extremes seen in the model simulations is not supported by the proxy reconstruction.doi: 10.1038/nature17418
Late Quaternary climate change shapes island biodiversity p.99
Changes in island area, isolation and connectivity observed since the Last Glacial Maximum have had measurable effects on present-day biodiversity, with formerly larger and less well connected islands having a greater number of endemic species.doi: 10.1038/nature17443
A specific area of olfactory cortex involved in stress hormone responses to predator odours p.103
Exposure to predator scents triggers an instinctive fear response in mice, including a surge in blood levels of stress hormones; here, the amygdalo-piriform transition area is identified as provoking these hormonal responses.doi: 10.1038/nature17156
Derivation and differentiation of haploid human embryonic stem cells p.107
Haploid human embryonic stem cells have been derived from haploid oocytes, the cells maintain a normal haploid karyotype as pluripotent cells and, unexpectedly, as differentiated cells — loss-of-function genetic screens previously performed with haploid embryonic stem cells in mice can now be performed in humans.doi: 10.1038/nature17408
Mitochondrial ROS regulate thermogenic energy expenditure and sulfenylation of UCP1 p.112
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is supported by a burst of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species upon cold exposure.doi: 10.1038/nature17399
Lypd8 promotes the segregation of flagellated microbiota and colonic epithelia p.117
Lypd8 protein derived from intestinal epithelial cells binds to flagellated bacteria to reduce their motility, which limits the entry of Gram-negative bacteria into the inner colonic mucus and prevents invasion of colonic epithelia.doi: 10.1038/nature17406
Cerebral cavernous malformations arise from endothelial gain of MEKK3–KLF2/4 signalling p.122
Gain of MEKK3 signalling is shown to cause cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) via activation of the target genes Klf2 and Klf4; endothelial-specific loss of MEKK3, KLF2 or KLF4 prevents lesion formation and lethality in a mouse CCM model.doi: 10.1038/nature17178
Structural basis of lenalidomide-induced CK1α degradation by the CRL4CRBN ubiquitin ligase p.127
Thalidomide and its derivatives, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, are immune modulatory drugs (IMiDs) used in the treatment of haematologic malignancies
doi: 10.1038/nature16979
Structural basis of cohesin cleavage by separase p.131
The crystal structures of the protease domain of separase are reported, showing how separase recognizes cohesin, and how phosphorylation of the cleavage site enhances separase activity.doi: 10.1038/nature17402
