Future present p.7
A young global-sustainability platform deserves time to find its feet.doi: 10.1038/531007b
Volume 531 Issue 7592
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 진핵세포의 진화에서 늦은 시기에 얻어진 미토콘드리아
췌장암 지놈 염기서열 분석 및 이를 통한 분자 서브타입 확인
고지방 음식물에 의한 장내 전구 세포의 줄기 세포 특성 및 발암성 증대 효과
세균의 수축성 꼬리 구조의 조립 및 복합체 형성 메커니즘
전파 천체로부터 방출되는 1017-1017.5 일렉트로볼트 우주방사선
미끄러운 비대칭성 범프에서의 응축 현상
안정적인 비정형 제올제이트를 이용한 고성능 촉매 생산
2011년 진도 9.0 토호쿠-오키 지진에서의 상부 지질판 조절
인간 창자 신경계 세포를 이용한 히르시스프롱 병에 대한 세포 치료제 및 약물 개발
대사 재프로그램화 및 치료 감수성에 대해 영향을 주는 Kras 돌연변이 유전자 카피 수
컨텐츠
Editorials
Unintended consequences p.7
After the introduction of a clumsily worded new rule, the UK government should move quickly to reassure scientists that they can continue to advise policymakers.doi: 10.1038/531007a
Brain power p.8
As brain stimulation finds non-medical uses, now is the time to consider its implications.doi: 10.1038/531008a
News
Speedier Arctic data as warm winter shrinks sea ice p.15
Scientists push for better monitoring of what remains.doi: 10.1038/531015a
India’s budget keeps dream of genomics hub alive p.16
Biotechnology agency wants to upgrade capabilities to kick-start economic growth.doi: 10.1038/531016a
Conflicting laws threaten Ukrainian science p.18
Country’s austerity budget stands in way of law to modernize Soviet-era academy.doi: 10.1038/531018a
Spectre of Ebola haunts Zika response p.19
Agencies rush to show that outbreak tactics have improved.doi: 10.1038/531019a
Epic El Niño yields massive data trove p.20
Waning warming event studied in unprecedented detail.doi: 10.1038/531020a
Successful test drive for space-based gravitational-wave detector p.20
Mission paves the way for planned €1-billion space observatory.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19452
News Features
Can fracking power Europe? p.22
Several countries hope to unleash vast natural-gas reserves through fracking, but drilling attempts have been disappointing.doi: 10.1038/531022a
The nanolight revolution is coming p.26
Virus-sized particles that fluoresce in every colour could revolutionize applications from television displays to cancer treatment.doi: 10.1038/531026a
News & Views
Reactions triggered electrically p.38
Single-molecule experiments have revealed that chemical reactions can be controlled using electric fields — and that the reaction rate is sensitive to both the direction and the strength of the applied field. See Letter p.88doi: 10.1038/531038a
Mitochondria in the second act p.39
A large phylogenomics study reveals that the symbiotic event that led to the emergence of organelles known as mitochondria may have occurred later in the evolution of complex cells than was thought. See Letter p.101doi: 10.1038/nature16876
Dawn of a new astronomy p.40
The discovery of gravitational waves from a merging black-hole system opens a window on the Universe that promises to test gravity at its strongest, and to reveal many surprises about black holes and other astrophysical systems.doi: 10.1038/nature17306
Dietary fat promotes intestinal dysregulation p.42
In mice, a high-fat diet has now been found to induce intestinal progenitor cells to adopt a more stem-cell-like fate, altering the size of the gut and increasing tumour incidence. See Article p.53doi: 10.1038/531042a
Cosmic rays beyond the knees p.43
The development of a radio technique for detecting cosmic rays casts fresh light on the origins of some of these accelerated particles, and suggests that they might have travelled much farther than was previously thought. See Letter p.70doi: 10.1038/531043a
Stem cells make the bowel nervous p.44
In Hirschsprung disease, the enteric nervous system (ENS) is missing from the distal bowel. It emerges that postnatal transplantation of stem-cell-derived ENS precursors can prevent death in a mouse model of the disease. See Letter p.105doi: 10.1038/nature16877
Articles
Genomic analyses identify molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer p.47
An integrated genomic analysis of 456 human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas identifies four subtypes defined by transcriptional expression profiles and show that these are associated with distinct histopathological characteristics and differential prognosis.doi: 10.1038/nature16965
High-fat diet enhances stemness and tumorigenicity of intestinal progenitors p.53
A high-fat diet increases the number of intestinal stem cells in mammals, both in vivo and in intestinal organoids; a pathway that involves PPAR-δ confers organoid-initiating capacity to non-stem cells and induces them to form in vivo tumours after loss of the Apc tumour suppressor.doi: 10.1038/nature17173
Priming and polymerization of a bacterial contractile tail structure p.59
A combination of X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, functional assays and time-lapse fluorescence microscopy shows that a protein of previously unknown function, TssA, forms a dodecameric complex that interacts with components of the tube and sheath of the type VI secretion system of bacteria, and that it primes and coordinates biogenesis of both the tail tube and the sheath.doi: 10.1038/nature17182
Structural basis of outer membrane protein insertion by the BAM complex p.64
Two crystal structures of the Escherichia coli β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM complex) are presented, one of which includes all five subunits (BamA–BamE), in two distinct conformational states; together with functional assays and molecular dynamics stimulations, these structures help to generate a model for outer membrane protein insertion.doi: 10.1038/nature17199
Letters
A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 1017–1017.5 electronvolts from radio observations p.70
Cosmic rays are the highest-energy particles found in nature. Measurements of the mass composition of cosmic rays with energies of 10
doi: 10.1038/nature16976
Controlling spin relaxation with a cavity p.74
By coupling donor spins in silicon to a superconducting microwave cavity and tuning the spins to the cavity resonance, the rate of spin relaxation is increased by three orders of magnitude compared to that of detuned spins; in such a regime, spontaneous emission of radiation is the dominant mechanism of spin relaxation.doi: 10.1038/nature16944
Condensation on slippery asymmetric bumps p.78
A surface engineering approach is described that is inspired by the water-condensation capability of the bumps on desert beetles, the droplet transportation facilitated by cactus spines and the slippery coating of the pitcher plant, to produce a structure with many water-harvesting applications.doi: 10.1038/nature16956
Stable amorphous georgeite as a precursor to a high-activity catalyst p.83
Hydroxycarbonate minerals such as zincian malachite and aurichalcite are well known precursors to catalysts for methanol-synthesis and low-temperature water–gas shift reactions; here, a supercritical antisolvent method is used to prepare highly stable georgeite—a hydroxycarbonate mineral that has hitherto been ignored because of its rarity, but which is found to be a superior catalyst precursor.doi: 10.1038/nature16935
Electrostatic catalysis of a Diels–Alder reaction p.88
Theory suggests that many chemical reactions (not simply, as is often thought, redox reactions) might be catalysed by an applied electric field; experimental evidence for this is now provided from single-molecule studies of the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in a Diels–Alder reaction.doi: 10.1038/nature16989
Upper-plate controls on co-seismic slip in the 2011 magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake p.92
Residual topography and gravity anomalies reveal a tectonic boundary in northeast Japan, which is proposed to represent the offshore continuation of the Median Tectonic Line; the contrast in frictional properties across this structure may control earthquake behaviour there, as recently demonstrated by the giant 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake.doi: 10.1038/nature16945
Evidence from cyclostomes for complex regionalization of the ancestral vertebrate brain p.97
The brain of the hagfish, a cyclostome related to the lamprey, develops domains equivalent to the median ganglionic eminence and the rhombic lip, resembling the brains of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates), suggesting that brain regionalization in jawed vertebrates occurred before the divergence of cyclostomes and gnathostomes more than 500 million years ago.doi: 10.1038/nature16518
Late acquisition of mitochondria by a host with chimaeric prokaryotic ancestry p.101
Evidence that among the eukaryotic ancestor genes, those derived from the proto-mitochondrion have the closest evolutionary distances to their bacterial relatives.doi: 10.1038/nature16941
Deriving human ENS lineages for cell therapy and drug discovery in Hirschsprung disease p.105
A differentiation protocol to obtain enteric nervous system (ENS) progenitors and a range of neurons from human pluripotent stem cells is developed; the cells can migrate and graft to the colon of a chick embryo and an adult mouse colon, including in a mouse model of Hirschsprung disease, in which a functional rescue is observed.doi: 10.1038/nature16951
Mutant Kras copy number defines metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic susceptibilities p.110
Mutant Kras lung tumours are not a single disease but comprise two classes of tumours with distinct metabolic profiles, prognosis and therapeutic susceptibility, which can be discriminated by their relative mutant Kras allelic content.doi: 10.1038/nature16967
Cryo-electron microscopy structure of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimer p.114
The high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of a pre-fusion coronavirus spike trimer from mouse hepatitis virus is presented; the structure reveals architectural similarities to paramyxovirus F proteins, suggesting that these fusion proteins may have evolved from a distant common ancestor.doi: 10.1038/nature16988
Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein p.118
A 4.0 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the pre-fusion form of the trimeric spike from the human coronavirus HKU1 provides insight into how the spike protein mediates host-cell attachment and membrane fusion.doi: 10.1038/nature17200
Crystal structure of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B p.122
The crystal structure of Schizosaccharomyces pombe guanine nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B, providing a structural framework for the eIF2B-mediated mechanism of stress-induced translational control.doi: 10.1038/nature16991
