Fishy limits p.435
The European Union has set a worrying trend by ignoring scientific advice on overfishing. It must put long-term sustainability plans ahead of short-term political gains.doi: 10.1038/528435a
Volume 528 Issue 7583
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 2015년을 빛낸 10인의 과학자
복잡한 분자의 네트워크-분석-가이드 합성
230 고대 유럽인에서 확인된 진화적 선택의 지놈 상에서의 패턴
완벽한 질화 작용을 하는 새로운 세균 Nitrospira
다발성 경화증의 주요 돌연변이 ∆F508 CFTR과 상호작용을 하는 인터렉톰 리모델링
DDX5 유전자와 연관된 IncRNA 끄게를 통한 TH17 이팩터 기능 조절
고속 전파 폭발과 관련된 고밀도 자기성 플라즈마
고밀도 균질성 나노입자 분포를 통한 강화된 마그네슘 합금 합성
백악기 초기 속씨 식물 씨앗 화석
장내 줄기세포를 통한 상피 조직 재생에 관여하는 인터루킨-22
컨텐츠
Editorials
Quantum leap p.435
Physicists can better study the quantum behaviour of objects on the atomic scale.doi: 10.1038/528435b
Light relief p.436
Nature digs into the rumours about the effect of festive illuminations on wireless fidelity.doi: 10.1038/528436a
News
China’s dark-matter satellite launches era of space science p.443
Monkey King is first in a line of Chinese space missions focused on scientific discovery.doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.19059
Canada’s top scientist faces tough challenge p.445
Researchers have big hopes for Kirsty Duncan, the country’s newly appointed scientist-turned-science minister.doi: 10.1038/528445a
Biomedicine wins big in US budget deal p.446
Late spending bill gives the NIH and several other research agencies healthy increases.doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.19057
Feuding physicists turn to philosophy for help p.446
String theory is at the heart of a debate over the integrity of the scientific method itself.doi: 10.1038/528446a
The science events that shaped 2015 p.448
Gene-editing, climate change and Pluto are among the year’s top stories.doi: 10.1038/528448a
The best science images of 2015 p.452
From Pluto to viral structures, this year produced an array of dazzling pictures.doi: 10.1038/528452a
News Features
Nature’s 10 p.459
Ten people who mattered this year.doi: 10.1038/528459a
News & Views
Autophagy is not the answer p.482
The cellular process of autophagy has been proposed to help kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis. But although the autophagy gene Atg5 is key to host immunity, other autophagy genes do not affect the outcome of tuberculosis. See Letter p.565doi: 10.1038/nature16324
Silicon chips lighten up p.483
Microprocessor communications have received a boost from the integration of electronics and photonics in silicon — a first step towards low power consumption and efficient computing systems. See Letter p.534doi: 10.1038/528483a
A personal forecast p.484
Machine learning, applied to complex multidimensional data, is shown to provide personalized dietary recommendations to control blood glucose levels. This is a step towards integrating the gut microbiome into personalized medicine.doi: 10.1038/528484a
Strength ceiling smashed for light metals p.486
Nanoscale particles have been uniformly dispersed in a magnesium alloy, yielding composites with record-breaking strengths — and raising the prospect of using magnesium as a lightweight metal for structural applications. See Letter p.539doi: 10.1038/528486a
A division of labour combined p.487
The discovery of microorganisms that can oxidize ammonia all the way to nitrate refutes the century-old paradigm that this nitrification process requires the activity of two types of microbe. See Article p.504 & Letter p.555doi: 10.1038/528487a
Innate immunity repairs gut lining p.488
It emerges that innate immune cells called group 3 innate lymphoid cells signal directly to intestinal stem cells to promote the replacement of damaged epithelial cells lining the gut. See Letter p.560doi: 10.1038/nature16325
2015 Editors' choice p.490
doi: 10.1038/528490a
Articles
Network-analysis-guided synthesis of weisaconitine D and liljestrandinine p.493
Network analysis to determine the maximally bridged ring (or rings) of molecules is used as part of a strategy for the syntheses of architecturally complex natural chemicals; this strategy is demonstrated via the synthesis of the diterpenoid alkaloids weisaconitine D and liljestrandinine.doi: 10.1038/nature16440
Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians p.499
The first genome-wide scan for selection using ancient DNA, based on data from 230 West Eurasians dating between to 6500 and 300 BC and including new data from 163 individuals among which are 26 Neolithic Anatolians, provides a direct view of selection on loci associated with diet, pigmentation and immunity.doi: 10.1038/nature16152
Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria p.504
Until now, the oxidation steps necessary for complete nitrification have always been observed to occur in two separate microorganisms in a cross-feeding interaction; here, together with the study by van Kessel et al., Daims et al. report the enrichment and characterization of Nitrospira species that encode all of the enzymes necessary to catalyse complete nitrification, a phenotype referred to as 'comammox' (for complete ammonia oxidation).doi: 10.1038/nature16461
∆F508 CFTR interactome remodelling promotes rescue of cystic fibrosis p.510
A new deep proteomic analysis method is used to identify proteins that interact with wild-type cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and its mutant version that is the major cause of cystic fibrosis.doi: 10.1038/nature15729
DDX5 and its associated lncRNA Rmrp modulate TH17 cell effector functions p.517
The ability of the DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX5 to interact with master transcription factor RORγt is dependent on binding of the long noncoding RNA Rmrp; the DDX5–RORγt complex coordinates transcription of selective TH17 genes and is required for the pathogenicity of TH17 cells.doi: 10.1038/nature16193
Letters
Dense magnetized plasma associated with a fast radio burst p.523
Fast radio burst FRB 110523, discovered in archival data, reveals Faraday rotation and scattering that suggests dense magnetized plasma near the source; this means that to infer the source of the burst, models should involve young stellar populations such as magnetars.doi: 10.1038/nature15769
A dynamic magnetic tension force as the cause of failed solar eruptions p.526
Coronal mass ejections are driven by a sudden release of magnetic energy stored in flux ropes in the Sun’s corona, but when the ambient magnetic field that runs toroidally along an unstable flux rope is strong enough to prevent the flux rope from kinking, a dynamic magnetic tension force halts the eruption.doi: 10.1038/nature16188
Quantum superposition at the half-metre scale p.530
Matter-wave interferometers provide an opportunity to measure whether quantum superpositions exist at macroscopic length scales or only at microscopically small scales; now such instruments have demonstrated quantum interference of wave packets separated by 54 cm.doi: 10.1038/nature16155
Single-chip microprocessor communicating directly using light p.534
An electronic–photonic microprocessor chip manufactured using a conventional microelectronics foundry process is demonstrated; the chip contains 70 million transistors and 850 photonic components and directly uses light to communicate to other chips.doi: 10.1038/nature16454
Processing and properties of magnesium containing a dense uniform dispersion of nanoparticles p.539
Magnesium is light but not very strong; here the addition of silicon carbide nanoparticles uniformly dispersed to 14 per cent by volume, achieved through a nanoparticle self-stabilization mechanism in a molten metal alloy, yields improved strength, stiffness, plasticity and high-temperature stability.doi: 10.1038/nature16445
Thermal vesiculation during volcanic eruptions p.544
A textural examination of volcanic ash erupted from Santiaguito volcano in Guatemala coupled with an analysis of the geophysical signals indicates that rapid heating during fault friction can cause melting and vesiculation (development of bubbles) of hydrated silicic magma, thus strongly affecting magma strength and eruptive behaviour.doi: 10.1038/nature16153
Neonicotinoid pesticide exposure impairs crop pollination services provided by bumblebees p.548
Despite substantial evidence that neonicotinoid pesticides can have negative effects on bees, there have been no reports that this leads to problems with pollination; here bumblebee colonies exposed to a neonicotinoid are shown to provide reduced pollination services to apple trees, leading to a reduction in seed number.doi: 10.1038/nature16167
Exceptional preservation of tiny embryos documents seed dormancy in early angiosperms p.551
The discovery of embryos and their associated nutrient storage tissues in exceptionally well-preserved angiosperm seeds from the Early Cretaceous period.doi: 10.1038/nature16441
Complete nitrification by a single microorganism p.555
Until now, the oxidation steps necessary for complete nitrification had always been observed to occur in two separate microorganisms in a cross-feeding interaction; here, together with the study by Daims et al., van Kessel et al. report the enrichment and characterization of Nitrospira species that encode all of the enzymes necessary to catalyse complete nitrification, a phenotype referred to as ‘comammox’ (for complete ammonia oxidation).doi: 10.1038/nature16459
Interleukin-22 promotes intestinal-stem-cell-mediated epithelial regeneration p.560
Innate lymphoid cells increase the growth of mouse intestinal organoids via IL-22 production; recombinant IL-22 promotes growth of both mouse and human organoids, and promotes mouse intestinal stem cell (ISC) expansion and ISC-driven organoid growth via a STAT3-dependent pathway and independently of Paneth cells; IL-22 treatment in vivo enhances the recovery of ISCs from intestinal injury.doi: 10.1038/nature16460
Unique role for ATG5 in neutrophil-mediated immunopathology during M. tuberculosis infection p.565
Genetic engineering in mice reveals that autophagy is not an essential mechanism in myeloid cells for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and that autophagy factor ATG5 protects organisms by regulating neutrophil influx and tissue damage.doi: 10.1038/nature16451
Germline variant FGFR4 p.G388R exposes a membrane-proximal STAT3 binding site p.570
Variant rs351855-G/A is a commonly occurring single-nucleotide polymorphism of coding regions in exon 9 of the fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR4 (CD334) gene (c.1162G>A). It results in an amino-acid change at codon 388 from glycine to arginine (p.Gly388Arg) in the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Despite compelling genetic evidence for the association of this common variant with cancers of the bone
doi: 10.1038/nature16449
Competition between DNA methylation and transcription factors determines binding of NRF1 p.575
The relationship between DNA methylation and transcription factor binding was studied across the genome in mouse embryonic stem cells—the study reveals that the transcription factor NRF1 is methylation-sensitive and how physiological binding of NRF1 relies on local removal of DNA methylation.doi: 10.1038/nature16462
Exploring the repeat protein universe through computational protein design p.580
In this study, 83 proteins containing helix–loop–helix–loop repeats were designed—with sequences unrelated to known repeat proteins—and experimentally characterized; 43 solution X-ray scattering spectra and 15 structures of the designed proteins show that these non-natural repeat proteins have a broad range of curvatures and that their overall structures are in close agreement with design models.doi: 10.1038/nature16162
Rational design of α-helical tandem repeat proteins with closed architectures p.585
Tandem repeat proteins, which are formed by repetition of modular units of protein sequence and structure, play important biological roles as macromolecular binding and scaffolding domains, enzymes, and building blocks for the assembly of fibrous materials
doi: 10.1038/nature16191
