A seismic shift p.307
After 25 years of divisive debate, the governments of the world unite in Paris to fight global warming. But the hard work must start now.doi: 10.1038/528307a
Volume 528 Issue 7582
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 대서양 연어의 성장 과정의 암수 차이를 나타내는 성 의존성 유전자
대규모 멸종에서 중요한 역할을 하는 대규모 희소성과 미래 생태계
명금의 울음 소리 발달 과정에서 나타나는 신경 시퀀스의 성장과 분리
신경 회로 조작에서의 급성 오프-타깃 효과
Arabidopsis 잎과 뿌리 미생물의 기능적 중복
트랩된 이온 큐비트를 위한 다중 인자 논리 게이트
1900년 이후 나타난 그린란드 대륙빙 소실의 공간적 및 온도 연관 분포
장기적인 질소 함량 감소에 의한 목초지 생물 다양성 회복
세균 세포막 표면에 존재 호흡 연쇄 전자를 이용한 하는 산화 단백질 수선
컨텐츠
Editorials
Crop conundrum p.307
The EU should decide definitively whether gene-edited plants are covered by GM laws.doi: 10.1038/528307b
Science for peace p.308
The German research community can benefit from the influx of migrants.doi: 10.1038/528308a
News
Nations approve historic global climate accord p.315
Agreement forged in Paris aims to hold warming ‘well below’ 2 °C.doi: 10.1038/528315a
Cancer studies clash over mechanisms of malignancy p.317
Debate surrounds relative importance of environmental and intrinsic factors.doi: 10.1038/528317a
Yellow Sea talks raise hopes for marine science p.318
Negotiations between South Korea and China to demarcate boundary could aid research.doi: 10.1038/528318a
Europe’s genetically edited plants stuck in legal limbo p.319
Scientists frustrated at delay in deciding if GM regulations apply to precision gene editing.doi: 10.1038/528319a
German researchers pledge help in refugee crisis p.320
Social scientists launch integration studies and warn of need to counter rising xenophobia.doi: 10.1038/528320a
News Features
The science myths that will not die p.322
False beliefs and wishful thinking about the human experience are common. They are hurting people — and holding back science.doi: 10.1038/528322a
News & Views
Recovery as nitrogen declines p.336
Pollution from atmospheric nitrogen deposition is a major threat to biodiversity. The 160-year-old Park Grass experiment has uniquely documented this threat and demonstrated how nitrogen reductions lead to recovery. See Letter p.401doi: 10.1038/nature16320
Entanglement beyond identical ions p.337
Control of quantum particles has been extended to enable different types of ion to be entangled — correlated in a non-classical way. This opens up opportunities for the development of new quantum technologies. See Letters p.380 & p.384doi: 10.1038/528337a
Experimental mismatch in neural circuits p.338
The finding that acute and chronic manipulations of the same neural circuit can produce different behavioural outcomes poses new questions about how best to analyse these circuits. See Article p.358doi: 10.1038/nature16323
Curating communities from plants p.340
Large-scale cultivation and genome sequencing of the bacteria that inhabit the leaves and roots of Arabidopsis plants have paved the way for probing how microbial communities assemble and function. See Article p.364doi: 10.1038/nature16319
A history of Greenland's ice loss p.341
Aerial photographs, remote-sensing observations and geological evidence together provide a reconstruction of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet since 1900 — a great resource for climate scientists. See Letter p.396doi: 10.1038/528341a
Twenty-five years of thesex-determining gene p.343
The discovery that the gene SRY on the mammalian Y chromosome drives testis development marked a turning point in the decades-long quest to understand the genetic underpinnings and evolution of sex determination.doi: 10.1038/528343a
Review
Rarity in mass extinctions and the future of ecosystems p.345
The fossil record provides a nuanced view of ecosystem collapse over intervals of mass extinction, with abundant, biomineralizing and widespread species preferentially preserved; here the authors collate evidence for ‘mass rarity’ during these intervals, and suggest that the increasing rarity of modern species, rather than their outright extinction, may be a better metric for comparing the current biodiversity crisis to the ‘Big Five’ mass extinctions in the Earth’s history.doi: 10.1038/nature16160
Articles
Growth and splitting of neural sequences in songbird vocal development p.352
Neural sequences recorded from the vocal premotor area HVC in juvenile birds learning song ‘syllables’ show ‘prototype’ syllables forming early, with multiple new highly divergent neural sequences emerging from this precursor syllable as learning progresses.doi: 10.1038/nature15741
Acute off-target effects of neural circuit manipulations p.358
Transient manipulation of neural activity is widely used to probe the function of specific circuits, yet such targeted perturbations could also have indirect effects on downstream circuits that implement separate and independent functions; a study to test this reveals that transient perturbations of specific circuits in mammals and songbirds severely impair learned skills that recover spontaneously after permanent lesions of the same brain areas.doi: 10.1038/nature16442
Functional overlap of the Arabidopsis leaf and root microbiota p.364
The microbiota of the rhizosphere (roots) and phyllosphere (leaves) of healthy plants consist of taxonomically structured bacterial communities; here the majority of species representing the main bacterial phyla from these two organs were isolated and genomes of about 400 representative bacteria were sequenced; the resources of cultured bacteria, corresponding genomes and a gnotobiotic plant system enabled an examination of the taxonomic overlap and functional specialization between the rhizosphere and phyllosphere bacterial microbiota.doi: 10.1038/nature16192
Phosphorylation and linear ubiquitin direct A20 inhibition of inflammation p.370
The authors define molecular mechanisms by which distinct domains of the ubiquitin editing enzyme A20 contribute to the regulation of inflammation and cell death.doi: 10.1038/nature16165
Letters
A large-scale dynamo and magnetoturbulence in rapidly rotating core-collapse supernovae p.376
Global, three-dimensional simulations of rapidly rotating massive stars show that turbulence driven by magnetohydrodynamic instability is a promising mechanism for the formation of pulsars and magnetars, the latter potentially powering hyperenergetic and superluminous supernovae.doi: 10.1038/nature15755
Multi-element logic gates for trapped-ion qubits p.380
Harnessing the entanglement of different ionic species could bring new flexibility in quantum computing, and now two groups independently demonstrate entanglement between different atomic species; Tan et al. achieve entanglement between different elements, whereas the related paper by Ballance et al. shows entanglement between different atomic isotopes, together demonstrating a first step towards mixed-species quantum logic.doi: 10.1038/nature16186
Hybrid quantum logic and a test of Bell’s inequality using two different atomic isotopes p.384
Harnessing the entanglement of different ionic species could bring new flexibility in quantum computing, and now two groups independently demonstrate entanglement between different atomic species; Ballance et al. achieve entanglement between different atomic isotopes, whereas the related paper by Tan et al. shows entanglement between different elements, together demonstrating a first step towards mixed-species quantum logic.doi: 10.1038/nature16184
Radiative heat transfer in the extreme near field p.387
Nanoscale radiative heat transfer between both dielectric and metal surfaces separated by gaps as small as two nanometres is characterized by large gap-dependent heat transfer enhancements that are accurately modelled by the theoretical framework of fluctuational electrodynamics and has important implications for technological design.doi: 10.1038/nature16070
Self-shaping of oil droplets via the formation of intermediate rotator phases upon cooling p.392
A mechanism for the repression of homologous recombination in G1, the stage of the cell cycle preceding replication, is determined; the critical aspects are the interaction between BRCA1 and PALB2–BRCA2, and suppression of DNA-end resection.doi: 10.1038/nature16189
Spatial and temporal distribution of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet since AD 1900 p.396
The response of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) to changes in temperature during the twentieth century remains contentious
doi: 10.1038/nature16183
Grassland biodiversity bounces back from long-term nitrogen addition p.401
Data from the long-running Park Grass Experiment is used to show that grassland biodiversity is recovering since UK atmospheric nitrogen levels started to decline 25 years ago in all but the most acidic soils.doi: 10.1038/nature16444
Sex-dependent dominance at a single locus maintains variation in age at maturity in salmon p.405
Age at maturity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is governed to a substantial extent by a locus showing dominance reversal, providing a resolution for sexual conflict in this trait, for which selection favours different ages in the two sexes.doi: 10.1038/nature16062
Repairing oxidized proteins in the bacterial envelope using respiratory chain electrons p.409
The identification of an enzymatic system repairing proteins containing oxidized methionine in the bacterial cell envelope, a compartment particularly susceptible to oxidative damage by host defence mechanisms.doi: 10.1038/nature15764
Neutrophils support lung colonization of metastasis-initiating breast cancer cells p.413
Despite progress in the development of drugs that efficiently target cancer cells,
treatments for metastatic tumours are often ineffective. The now well-established
dependency of cancer cells on their microenvironment
doi: 10.1038/nature16140
Genetic predisposition to neuroblastoma mediated by a LMO1 super-enhancer polymorphism p.418
A causal variant is identified at the LMO1 oncogene locus that drives the genetic association of LMO1 with neuroblastoma susceptibility; the causal SNP disrupts a GATA transcription factor binding site within a tissue-specific super-enhancer element in the first intron of LMO1, thereby affecting LMO1 expression.doi: 10.1038/nature15540
A mechanism for the suppression of homologous recombination in G1 cells p.422
A mechanism for the repression of homologous recombination in G1, the stage of the cell cycle preceding replication, is determined; the critical aspects are the interaction between BRCA1 and PALB2–BRCA2, and suppression of DNA-end resection.doi: 10.1038/nature16142
