Ills of the system p.7
Reform is long overdue for Germany’s archaic medical-education system, which puts undue pressure on students and contaminates the scientific literature.doi: 10.1038/527007a
Volume 527 Issue 7576
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 호주의 경제 성장과 생태계 보존 간의 상관 관계
상대적인 펄스 타이밍 조절을 통한 다양한 유전자 조합 조절
세균 필름 내에서의 상호 정보 교환을 가능하게 하는 이온 채널
포유류의 기계 민감성 Piezo1 채널의 구조
뱀자리 남쪽 성단 내에 존재하는 매우 젊은 원시 은하계 클러스터 내에서의 분자 아웃 플로우
트랩된 이온 내 두 음파의 홍-오-만델 간섭
사족류에서 성체 성비를 예측할 수 있는 유전학적 성-결정 시스템
양극성 장애 환자에게 도움이 되는 리튬 및 환자에 따른 다른 반응률
성상세포 유래 마이크로 RNA에 의한 PTEN 발현 소실과 뇌 전이 간의 상관관계
세포 핵 라미나에 대한 자가 식작용
컨텐츠
Editorials
Care for the carers p.7
Researchers should add their voices to the effort to stop attacks on health workers in war zones.doi: 10.1038/527007b
Smooth operator p.8
A tribute to the nineteenth-century polymath whose algebra lets you search the Internet.doi: 10.1038/527008a
News
Memory-boosting devices tested in humans p.15
US military research suggests that electrodes can compensate for damaged tissue.doi: 10.1038/527015a
Historic Rosetta mission to end with crash into comet p.16
There were other options, but super close-up shots on descent will provide science bonanza.doi: 10.1038/527016a
Indonesia blazes threaten endangered orangutans p.18
Fuelled by El Niño and land-management blunders, fires consume precious habitat.doi: 10.1038/527018a
Synthetic biology lures Silicon Valley investors p.19
Tech funders warm to start-ups that use microbes in manufacturing.doi: 10.1038/527019a
Software predicts slew of fiendish crystal structures p.20
Chemists succeed at forecasting how complex molecules will assemble in 3D.doi: 10.1038/527020a
Indian scientists join protests over killings of prominent secularists p.20
National science academies decry religious intolerance and government's perceived embrace of superstition.doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18682
News Features
The big baby experiment p.22
A London lab is deploying every technology it can to understand infant brains, and what happens when development goes awry.doi: 10.1038/527022a
The greatest vanishing act in prehistoric America p.26
Seven centuries ago, tens of thousands of people fled their homes in the American Southwest. Archaeologists are trying to work out why.doi: 10.1038/527026a
News & Views
Australia at the crossroads p.40
A modelling study argues that comprehensive policy change could limit Australia's environmental pollution while maintaining a materials-intensive path to economic growth. But other paths are worth considering. See Article p.49doi: 10.1038/527040a
Droplets leap into action p.41
What could cause a water droplet to start bouncing on a surface? It seems that a combination of evaporation and a highly water-repellent surface induces droplet bouncing when ambient pressure is reduced. See Letter p.82doi: 10.1038/527041a
Light on leptin link to lipolysis p.43
Cutting-edge experiments show that the hormone leptin, which is secreted by fat cells, promotes fat loss by activating the release of catecholamine signalling molecules from neurons wrapped around the fat cells.doi: 10.1038/527043a
Electrical signalling goes bacterial p.44
The discovery that potassium ion channels are involved in electrical signalling between bacterial cells may help to unravel the role of ion channels in microbial physiology and communication. See Article p.59doi: 10.1038/nature15641
Quantum sound waves stick together p.45
A sensitive cold-ion experiment probes sound at the level of phonons, the fundamental quantum units of vibration. It shows that phonons mix in such a way that they can be classified as 'bosonic' particles, like photons. See Letter p.74doi: 10.1038/527045a
Expression feels two pulses p.46
Single-cell analyses reveal that combinatorial changes in the intracellular locations of transcription factors can tune the expression of the factors' target genes in response to environmental stimuli. See Article p.54doi: 10.1038/nature15634
Articles
Australia is ‘free to choose’ economic growth and falling environmental pressures p.49
A multi-model framework that accounts for climate, water, energy, food, biodiversity and economic activity in Australia reveals that a sustainable society that enjoys economic improvement without ecological deterioration is possible, but that specific political and economic choices need to be made to achieve this.doi: 10.1038/nature16065
Combinatorial gene regulation by modulation of relative pulse timing p.54
Many gene-regulatory proteins have been shown to activate in pulses, but whether cells exploit the dynamic interaction between pulses of different regulatory proteins has remained unexplored; here single-cell videos show that yeast cells modulate the relative timing between the pulsatile transcription factors Msn2 and Mig1—a gene activator and a repressor, respectively—to control the expression of target genes in response to diverse environmental conditions.doi: 10.1038/nature15710
Ion channels enable electrical communication in bacterial communities p.59
Ion channels in bacterial biofilms are shown to conduct long-range electrical signals within the biofilm community through the propagation of potassium ions; as predicted by a simple mathematical model, potassium channel gating is shown to coordinate metabolic states between distant cells via electrical communication.doi: 10.1038/nature15709
Architecture of the mammalian mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel p.64
Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, senses shear stress of blood flow for proper blood vessel development, regulates red blood cell function and controls cell migration and differentiation; here a trimeric architecture of this novel class of ion channel is reported, suggesting that Piezo1 may use its peripheral propeller-like ‘blades’ as force sensors to gate the central ion-conducting pore.doi: 10.1038/nature15247
Letters
Episodic molecular outflow in the very young protostellar cluster Serpens South p.70
A study of 12CO outflow emission from the protostellar source CARMA-7 in the cluster Serpens South suggests that episodic ejections of mass by the protostar begin in the earliest phase of protostellar evolution, probably providing a mechanism for driving the turbulence that is necessary for star formation in clusters.doi: 10.1038/nature15702
Hong–Ou–Mandel interference of two phonons in trapped ions p.74
The Hong–Ou–Mandel effect is a quantum phenomenon that involves the interference of bosonic particles and demonstrates their indistinguishability; this effect has been demonstrated previously for photons and neutral atoms, and is now demonstrated for phonons, using a system of trapped ions that are promising building blocks for quantum computers.doi: 10.1038/nature15735
An aqueous, polymer-based redox-flow battery using non-corrosive, safe, and low-cost materials p.78
An affordable, safe, and scalable battery system is presented, which uses organic polymers as the charge-storage material in combination with inexpensive dialysis membranes and an aqueous sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte.doi: 10.1038/nature15746
Spontaneous droplet trampolining on rigid superhydrophobic surfaces p.82
Spontaneous levitation and trampoline-like bouncing behaviour of water droplets on rigid superhydrophobic surfaces in a low-pressure environment are observed, and are due to a build-up of overpressure in the surface texture beneath the droplets.doi: 10.1038/nature15738
Rhodium-catalysed syn-carboamination of alkenes via a transient directing group p.86
Chemical methods for adding carbon-based or nitrogen-based functional groups to alkenes are well established, but strategies for adding both to the same double bond have limitations; here, a method for the carboamination of alkenes at the same double bond is described.doi: 10.1038/nature15691
The genetic sex-determination system predicts adult sex ratios in tetrapods p.91
An analysis of 344 species of tetrapods (birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians) shows that taxa in which the female is heterogametic tend to have a more male-biased sex ratio; the mechanisms driving the association are unclear, but sex-determination systems are likely to have important consequences for the social behaviour and demography of tetrapods.doi: 10.1038/nature15380
Differential responses to lithium in hyperexcitable neurons from patients with bipolar disorder p.95
A neuronal model of bipolar disorder based on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology finds hyperactive action-potential firing and differential responsiveness to lithium in iPSC-derived neurons from patients with bipolar disorder.doi: 10.1038/nature15526
Microenvironment-induced PTEN loss by exosomal microRNA primes brain metastasis outgrowth p.100
Expression of the tumour suppressor PTEN in disseminated primary tumour cells is lost after tumour cells metastasize to the brain, with downregulation instigated by microRNAs from astrocytes, which are transferred from cell to cell by exosomes; these findings reveal the dynamic nature of metastatic cancer cells when adapting to a new tissue environment.doi: 10.1038/nature15376
Autophagy mediates degradation of nuclear lamina p.105
In response to cancer-associated stress, autophagy machinery mediates degradation of nuclear lamina components in mammals, suggesting that cells might degrade nuclear components to prevent tumorigenesis.doi: 10.1038/nature15548
Conformational control of DNA target cleavage by CRISPR–Cas9 p.110
Cas9 is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease that targets foreign DNA for destruction as part of a bacterial adaptive immune system mediated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)
doi: 10.1038/nature15544
Crystal structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from influenza C virus p.114
The X-ray crystal structure of influenza C virus polymerase, captured in a closed, pre-activation confirmation, is solved at 3.9 Å resolution; comparison with previous RNA-bound structures reveals large conformational changes associated with RNA binding and activation, and illustrates the notable flexibility of the influenza virus RNA polymerase.doi: 10.1038/nature15525
Structural insight into substrate preference for TET-mediated oxidation p.118
In DNA demethylation, human TET proteins are evolutionarily tuned to be less reactive towards 5hmC and facilitate its generation as a potentially stable mark for regulatory functions.doi: 10.1038/nature15713
