Splice of life p.5
Researchers, bioethicists and regulators must contribute to transparent disscussions on the risks and ethics of editing human embryos.doi: 10.1038/521005a
Volume 521 Issue 7550
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 엔켈라두스 남극 지형에서의 급작스러운 분출 관측
배양된 사람 소장 줄기 세포를 이용한 순차적인 암 돌연변이 유발
빛에 의해서 조절되는 나트륨 펌프를 이용한 나트륨 전송 메커니즘 분석
원시 은하계의 중력 붕괴에 의해서 형성된 초 거대 젊은 별 클러스터
금속 산화물 맴리스터를 이용한 신경 모방 네트워크 구축
네오니코티노이드 살충제가 함유된 음식물을 더 선호하는 벌들의 습성 확인
사람 지놈 상에서의 돌연변이 비율 차이의 원인이 되는 DNA 불일치 수선의 차이점
거저핵에서 전두피질로의 직접적인 GABA 활성 전달
종양 결합 타갓 IgG와 수지상 세포를 이용한 항암 T 세포면역 유도
컨텐츠
Editorials
Dirty money p.6
The fossil-fuel divestment campaign raises important questions but offers few solutions.doi: 10.1038/521006a
Greek cash grab p.6
Government’s decision to plunder university funds shows lack of respect for science.doi: 10.1038/521006b
News
Japanese academics spooked by military science incursions p.13
Relationship between traditionally pacifist research community and military is changing.doi: 10.1038/521013a
Pluto-bound craft hunts for hazardous moons p.14
Unknown satellites pose danger to New Horizons mission as it journeys to the edge of the Solar System.doi: 10.1038/521014a
Pint-sized DNA sequencer impresses first users p.15
Portable device offers on-the-spot data to fight disease, catalogue species and more.doi: 10.1038/521015a
Fossil-fuel divestment campaign hits resistance p.16
Academics suggest other ways to cut carbon emissions on campus and beyond.doi: 10.1038/521016a
Mysterious galactic signal points LHC to dark matter p.17
High-energy particles at centre of Milky Way now within scope of Large Hadron Collider.doi: 10.1038/521017a
Mammoth genomes provide recipe for creating Arctic elephants p.18
Catalogue of genetic differences between woolly mammoths and elephants reveals how ice-age giants braved the cold.doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17462
News Features
Stay at the bench, or make way for the next generation p.20
When and how to exit research has become a charged issue in science.doi: 10.1038/521020a
Africa’s fight for equality p.24
After years of second-class status in research partnerships, African scientists are calling for change.doi: 10.1038/521024a
News & Views
Beauty varies with the light p.34
Experimental work on guppies suggests that variation in light between microhabitats is what makes females prefer different male signal combinations, thus explaining the evolution and persistence of colour variation in males.doi: 10.1038/521034a
Antibodies regulate antitumour immunity p.35
Boosting the T cells that mediate anticancer immune responses is a therapeutic goal. But T cells do not work alone — B cells and the antibodies they produce can both trigger and suppress the response. See Letters p.94 & p.99doi: 10.1038/nature14388
Nanoscale connections for brain-like circuits p.37
Tiny circuit elements called memristors have been used as connections in an artificial neural network – enabling the system to learn to recognize letters of the alphabet from imperfect images. See Letter p.61doi: 10.1038/521037a
Tasteless pesticides affect bees in the field p.38
Two studies provide evidence that bees cannot taste or avoid neonicotinoid pesticides, and that exposure to treated crops affects reproduction in solitary bees as well as bumblebee colony growth and reproduction. See Letters p.74 & p.77doi: 10.1038/nature14391
Dinosaur up in the air p.40
A new feathered dinosaur from China, belonging to an obscure and strange carnivorous group, bears a seemingly bony wrist structure that may have had a role in flight. See Letter p.70doi: 10.1038/nature14392
Organic polymers form fuel from water p.41
Porous polymers have joined the ranks of light-activated catalysts that split water into hydrogen, a carbon-free alternative to fossil fuels. Their properties are easily tuned — a big plus for the development of practically useful catalysts.doi: 10.1038/521041a
Articles
Sequential cancer mutations in cultured human intestinal stem cells p.43
Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, up to four frequently occurring colorectal cancer mutations were introduced alone or in combination into stem cell organoids derived from human small intestinal or colon tissue, allowing an in-depth investigation of the contribution of these mutations to cancer progression.doi: 10.1038/nature14415
Structural basis for Na+ transport mechanism by a light-driven Na+ pump p.48
doi: 10.1038/nature14322
Letters
An extremely young massive clump forming by gravitational collapse in a primordial galaxy p.54
An extremely young star-forming region caught at gravitational collapse in a distant galaxy is shedding new light on the processes driving galaxy growth in the early Universe.doi: 10.1038/nature14409
Curtain eruptions from Enceladus’ south-polar terrain p.57
Observations of the south pole of the Saturnian moon Enceladus revealed large rifts in the terrain that were found to be the sources of the observed jets of water vapour; now it is shown that much of the eruptive activity can be explained by broad, curtain-like eruptions, many of which were probably misinterpreted previously as discrete jets.doi: 10.1038/nature14368
Training and operation of an integrated neuromorphic network based on metal-oxide memristors p.61
A transistor-free metal-oxide memristor crossbar with low device variability is realised and trained to perform a simple classification task, opening the way to integrated neuromorphic networks of a complexity comparable to that of the human brain, with high operational speed and manageable power dissipation.doi: 10.1038/nature14441
The formation and fate of internal waves in the South China Sea p.65
Internal oceanic waves are subsurface gravity waves that can be enormous and travel thousands of kilometres before breaking but they are difficult to study; here observations of such waves in the South China Sea reveal their formation mechanism, extreme turbulence, relationship to the Kuroshio Current and energy budget.doi: 10.1038/nature14399
A bizarre Jurassic maniraptoran theropod with preserved evidence of membranous wings p.70
A recently discovered fossil belonging to the Scansoriopterygidae, a group of bizarre dinosaurs closely related to birds, represents a new scansoriopterygid species and preserves evidence of a membranous aerodynamic surface very different from a classic avian wing.doi: 10.1038/nature14423
Bees prefer foods containing neonicotinoid pesticides p.74
It has been suggested that the negative effects on bees of neonicotinoid pesticides could be averted in field conditions if they chose not to forage on treated nectar; here field-level neonicotinoid doses are used in laboratory experiments to show that honeybees and bumblebees do not avoid neonicotinoid-treated food and instead actually prefer it.doi: 10.1038/nature14414
Seed coating with a neonicotinoid insecticide negatively affects wild bees p.77
Neonicotinoid seed coating is associated with reduced density of wild bees, as well as reduced nesting of solitary bees and reduced colony growth and reproduction of bumblebees, but appears not to affect honeybees.doi: 10.1038/nature14420
Differential DNA mismatch repair underlies mutation rate variation across the human genome p.81
An analysis of how regional mutation rates vary across 652 tumours identifies variable DNA mismatch repair as the basis of the characteristic regional variation in mutation rates seen across the human genome; the results show that differential DNA repair, rather than differential mutation supply, is likely to be the primary cause of this variation.doi: 10.1038/nature14173
A direct GABAergic output from the basal ganglia to frontal cortex p.85
Anatomical and functional analyses reveal the existence of two types of globus pallidus externus neurons that directly control cortex, suggesting a pathway by which dopaminergic drugs used to treat neuropsychiatric disorders may act in the basal ganglia to modulate cortex.doi: 10.1038/nature14179
Vertically transmitted faecal IgA levels determine extra-chromosomal phenotypic variation p.90
Microbially driven dichotomous faecal immunoglobulin-A levels in wild-type mice within the same facility mimic the effects of chromosomal mutations, indicating that phenotypic comparisons between mice must take into account the non-chromosomal hereditary variation between different breeders.doi: 10.1038/nature14139
Immunosuppressive plasma cells impede T-cell-dependent immunogenic chemotherapy p.94
IgA plasmocytes are shown to promote resistance to the immunogenic chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin in prostate cancer mouse models by inhibiting activation of cytotoxic T cells; immunosuppressive plasma cells, which are also found in human-therapy-resistant prostate cancer, are generated in response to TGFβ, and their functionality depends on PD-L1 expression and IL-10 secretion.doi: 10.1038/nature14395
Allogeneic IgG combined with dendritic cell stimuli induce antitumour T-cell immunity p.99
Naturally occurring tumour-binding IgG antibodies are shown to initiate the rejection of allogeneic tumours, whereby Fc-receptor-mediated uptake of tumour immune complexes into dendritic cells activates tumour-reactive T cells, and intra-tumoral injection of allogeneic IgG together with dendritic cell adjuvants induces systemic T-cell-mediated antitumour responses.doi: 10.1038/nature14424
X-domain of peptide synthetases recruits oxygenases crucial for glycopeptide biosynthesis p.105
Glycopeptide antibiotics are biosynthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, which contain a previously uncharacterized ‘X-domain’ now shown to recruit three cytochrome P450 oxygenases that are necessary for the antibiotics to achieve their final, active conformation.doi: 10.1038/nature14141
