Hollow humour p.261
The public’s distorted attitude towards mental-health conditions hampers their treatment.doi: 10.1038/519261b
Volume 519 Issue 7543
Editorials
A clean, green science machine p.261
As the world warms and technology improves, researchers and institutions should look at their carbon footprints and question whether they really need to travel to academic conferences.doi: 10.1038/519261a
Strike a chord p.262
The latest episode of the Nature Audiofile podcast looks at how music inspires science.doi: 10.1038/519262a
News
Marijuana gears up for production high in US labs p.269
Researchers will score more-powerful varieties of the drug courtesy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse.doi: 10.1038/519269a
Crunch time for Canada’s role in mega-telescope p.270
Astronomers ask federal government to honour promise for Thirty Meter Telescope.doi: 10.1038/519270a
Ethics of embryo editing divides scientists p.272
Researchers disagree over whether making heritable changes to human genes crosses a line.doi: 10.1038/519272a
Irish government under fire for turning its back on basic research p.273
Letter from scientists questions commercially driven funding decisions.doi: 10.1038/519273a
Five Solar System sights NASA should visit p.274
US planetary scientists dream up voyages of discovery, from Venus mappers to asteroid tours.doi: 10.1038/519274a
News Features
The myopia boom p.276
Short-sightedness is reaching epidemic proportions. Some scientists think they have found a reason why.doi: 10.1038/519276a
Eyes on the ocean p.280
Daniel Pauly is sounding the alarm over global fish harvests, but others think he is making too much noise.doi: 10.1038/519280a
News & Views
Cooperative carbon capture p.294
Enzymes bind carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in a highly precise way, whereas synthetic materials just passively adsorb it. Or do they? A study of compounds called metal–organic frameworks now challenges this picture. See Article p.303doi: 10.1038/nature14212
Signs of saturation in the tropical carbon sink p.295
The carbon sink in the land biosphere has grown during the past 30 years, taking up much of the carbon dioxide produced by human activities. The first signs of this growth levelling off have been spotted in Amazon forests. See Letter p.344doi: 10.1038/519295a
Hot on the trail of temperature processing p.296
Two studies investigate how information about temperature is processed in the brains of fruit flies, and reveal that different neuronal pathways transmit heating and cooling signals to higher brain regions. See Letters p.353 & p.358doi: 10.1038/nature14209
Better luminescent solar panels in prospect p.298
Devices known as luminescent solar concentrators could find use as renewable-energy generators, but have so far been plagued by a major light-reabsorption effect. A new study offers a promising route to tackling this problem.doi: 10.1038/519298a
Spotlight on deep-brain stimulation p.299
Taking inspiration from a modern technological advance, a classic technique — low-frequency electrical stimulation of a deep-brain region — has been refined to combat cocaine addiction in experiments in mice.doi: 10.1038/519299a
Dendritic-cell vaccines on the move p.300
Vaccines that induce an antitumour immune response are disappointingly ineffective in treating patients with cancer. Pre-conditioning the vaccination site to induce inflammation might provide a way to improve this therapy. See Letter p.366doi: 10.1038/nature14211
Articles
Cooperative insertion of CO2 in diamine-appended metal-organic frameworks p.303
A cooperative insertion mechanism for CO2 adsorption is shown to generate highly efficient adsorbents for carbon capture applications.doi: 10.1038/nature14327
The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population p.309
Extensive genetic analysis of over 2,000 individuals from different locations in Britain reveals striking fine-scale patterns of population structure; comparisons with similar genetic data from the European continent reveal the legacy of earlier population migrations and information about the ancestry of current populations in specific geographic regions.doi: 10.1038/nature14230
Visualizing transient Watson–Crick-like mispairs in DNA and RNA duplexes p.315
dG•dT and rG•rU ‘wobble’ mispairs in DNA and RNA transiently form base pairs with Watson–Crick geometry via tautomerization and ionization with probabilities that correlate with misincorporation probabilities during replication and translation.doi: 10.1038/nature14227
Crystal structure of the eukaryotic origin recognition complex p.321
The crystal structure of the heterohexameric origin recognition complex (ORC), essential for coordinating DNA replication onset in eukaryotes, is resolved at 3.5 Å resolution.doi: 10.1038/nature14239
Letters
A dusty, normal galaxy in the epoch of reionization p.327
Far-infrared measurements of galaxies in the early Universe would reveal their detailed properties, but have been lacking for the more typical galaxies where most stars form; here an archetypal, early Universe star-forming galaxy is detected at far-infrared wavelengths, allowing its dust mass, total star-formation rate and dust-to-gas ratio to be calculated.doi: 10.1038/nature14164
Highly efficient star formation in NGC 5253 possibly from stream-fed accretion p.331
Detection of carbon monoxide in a molecular cloud in dwarf galaxy NGC 5253 reveals the highest star-formation efficiency yet seen, driven by an accreting streamer of gas.doi: 10.1038/nature14218
Ligand-enabled meta-C–H activation using a transient mediator p.334
A combination of norbornene and pyridine-type ligand enables commonly used ortho-directing groups to direct meta-C–H activation with palladium catalysts.doi: 10.1038/nature14214
Observational determination of surface radiative forcing by CO2 from 2000 to 2010 p.339
Empirical evidence for the effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on Earth’s surface energy balance is presented: the increase in surface radiative forcing from 2000 to 2010 measured at two sites is directly attributable to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide over that decade and agrees with model results.doi: 10.1038/nature14240
Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink p.344
The capacity of Amazonian forests to sequester carbon has weakened with potentially important implications for climate change.doi: 10.1038/nature14283
Polyploidy can drive rapid adaptation in yeast p.349
In vitro evolution experiments on haploid, diploid, and tetraploid yeast strains show that adaptation is faster in tetraploids, providing direct quantitative evidence that in some environments polyploidy can accelerate evolutionary adaptation.doi: 10.1038/nature14187
Thermosensory processing in the Drosophila brain p.353
The mechanisms of thermosensing in the Drosophila brain are elucidated by the identification of distinct classes of projection neurons which are excited either by external cooling or warming, or both; the neurons that are excited by warming participate in complex circuits that incorporate crossover inhibition from cool receptor neurons.doi: 10.1038/nature14170
Temperature representation in the Drosophila brain p.358
This study identifies distinct classes of neurons in the fly brain, which respond to external cooling, warming, or both, and contribute to behavioural response; the results illustrate how higher brain centres extract a stimulus’ quality, intensity and timing from a simple temperature map at the periphery.doi: 10.1038/nature14284
CetZ tubulin-like proteins control archaeal cell shape p.362
The structure and function of CetZ, a protein related to both tubulin and FtsZ (the bacterial homologue of tubulin) from the archaeon Haloferax volcano, is reported and its involvement in the control of cell shape uncovered; it appears that this family of proteins was involved in the control of cell shape long before the evolution of eukaryotes.doi: 10.1038/nature13983
Tetanus toxoid and CCL3 improve dendritic cell vaccines in mice and glioblastoma patients p.366
A clinical trial in patients with glioblastoma shows increased immune and anti-tumour responses to dendritic cell vaccination after pre-conditioning the site of vaccination with tetanus toxoid (Td); similar results are also seen in mice in part due to the actions of the chemokine CCL3, and the findings may represent new ways to improve the efficacy of anti-cancer vaccines.doi: 10.1038/nature14320
A human tRNA synthetase is a potent PARP1-activating effector target for resveratrol p.370
A human tRNA synthetase connects resveratrol to stress signalling.doi: 10.1038/nature14028
NAD captureSeq indicates NAD as a bacterial cap for a subset of regulatory RNAs p.374
A newly developed method, NAD captureSeq, has been used to show that bacteria cap the 5′-ends of some RNAs to protect against degradation, much as happens with eukaryotic messenger RNAs, although with a different modification: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.doi: 10.1038/nature14020
