Out of Africa p.139
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa must be shut down now, or the disease will continue to spread.doi: 10.1038/514139a
Volume 514 Issue 7521
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 인도네시아 술라웨시 동굴에서 발견된 홍적세 후기 동굴 예술
장내 미생물 균총의 변화를 통해서 포도당 불내성을 유발하는 인공감미료
세포 내 LPS의 선천성 면역 수용체 역할을 하는 염증성 카스파제
진핵 세포 제 2그룹 인트론 올가미에 대한 결정 구조 분석
태양 질량의 약 15배 정도밖에 되지 않는 블랙홀을 가진 ULX
WTe2 내에서의 자기 저항성
토양 생태계에서 탄소 턴오버 시간과 기후 간의 글로벌 공변이
중국의 대기 오염 스모그를 유발하는 주요 원인 분석
CHARGE 신드롬에서 비정상적인 활성화 상태를 보이는 p53 유전자
대사 질환과 장 및 점막 면역원성 회복에 관여하는 인터루킨-22
컨텐츠
Editorials
A little knowledge p.139
The significance of expertise passed on by direct contact— tacit knowledge — is moot.doi: 10.1038/514139b
Holy cows p.140
A mass beaching of walruses in Alaska is a sign of things to come.doi: 10.1038/514140a
News
US plans upgrade for ageing Greenland research station p.147
But proposals spur concern that development will pollute the nearly pristine site.doi: 10.1038/514147a
Australian cuts rile researchers p.148
Political scorn on top of shrinking funds creates hostility between scientists and Tony Abbott’s government.doi: 10.1038/514148a
Rivals join forces to nail down Big G p.150
Metrologists meet to design the ultimate gravitational-constant experiment.doi: 10.1038/514150a
Marmosets are stars of Japan’s ambitious brain project p.151
Ten-year brain-mapping effort will use monkeys to study human neural and mental disorders.doi: 10.1038/514151a
Blue LED wins physics Nobel p.152
Physics prize recognizes potential of invention with power to reduce global electricity consumption.doi: 10.1038/514152a
Prize for place cells p.153
Discoverers of brain’s navigation system get physiology Nobel.doi: 10.1038/514153a
News Features
Brains of Norway p.154
Nobel prizewinners May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser have spent a career together near the Arctic Circle exploring how our brains know where we are.doi: 10.1038/514154a
The big reboot p.158
As the Large Hadron Collider prepares to come back to life after a two-year hiatus, physicists are gearing up to go beyond the standard model of particle physics.doi: 10.1038/514158a
News & Views
Art on the move p.170
Studies of stencils and paintings from prehistoric caves in Indonesia date the art to at least 39,900 years ago — around the same age as the earliest cave art previously known, 13,000 kilometres away in western Europe. See Letter p.223doi: 10.1038/514170a
Small field with a large impact p.171
The nature of ultraluminous X-ray astronomical sources has long been unclear. The latest observations of these rare systems provide some crucial clues, but still leave theorists scratching their heads. See Letters p.198 & p.202doi: 10.1038/514171a
Lariat lessons p.173
The spliceosome enzyme complex removes intron sequences from RNA transcripts to form messenger RNA. The crystal structure of a lasso-shaped RNA suggests a mechanism for this splicing process. See Article p.193doi: 10.1038/nature13754
The mass of a top p.174
A measurement of the mass of the heftiest-known elementary particle, the top quark, which exists for less than a trillionth of a trillionth of a second, sheds light on the ultimate fate of our Universe, although ambiguities cloud its interpretation.doi: 10.1038/514174a
The weighty costs of non-caloric sweeteners p.176
Analyses in mice and humans indicate that non-caloric artificial sweeteners may promote obesity-associated metabolic changes by changing the function of the bacteria that colonize the gut. See Article p.181doi: 10.1038/nature13752
Good vibrations p.177
A newly constructed electron-energy monochromator for an atomic-resolution transmission electron microscope has resolved spectroscopic signatures of chemical-bond vibrations that are spatially highly localized. See Letter p.209doi: 10.1038/514177a
Incipient tradition in wild chimpanzees p.178
The adoption of a new form of tool use has been observed to spread along social-network pathways in a chimpanzee community. The finding offers the first direct evidence of cultural diffusion in these animals in the wild.doi: 10.1038/nature13759
Articles
Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota p.181
Non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS), widely used food additives considered to be safe and beneficial alternatives to sugars, are shown here to lead to the development of glucose intolerance through compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiota of mice, and the deleterious metabolic effects are transferred to germ-free mice by faecal transplant; NAS-induced dysbiosis and glucose intolerance are also demonstrated in healthy human subjects.doi: 10.1038/nature13793
Inflammatory caspases are innate immune receptors for intracellular LPS p.187
Caspase-4 and caspase-11 are shown to be the direct sensors for cytoplasmic lipopolysaccharide in humans and mice, respectively, mediating inflammatory cell death in intracellular bacterial infection.doi: 10.1038/nature13683
Crystal structure of a eukaryotic group II intron lariat p.193
This study determines the structure of a branched lariat RNA, providing insights into rearrangement of the intron between the two steps of RNA splicing.doi: 10.1038/nature13790
Letters
A mass of less than 15 solar masses for the black hole in an ultraluminous X-ray source p.198
Ground-based and satellite observations show that the black hole in the ultraluminous X-ray source P13 has a mass of less than 15 times that of the Sun and displays the properties that typically distinguish ultraluminous X-ray sources from other stellar-mass black holes.doi: 10.1038/nature13730
An ultraluminous X-ray source powered by an accreting neutron star p.202
X-ray pulsations with an average period of 1.37 seconds have been detected from a known ultraluminous X-ray source hitherto thought to be a black hole; the pulsations instead unequivocally identify the source as an accreting magnetized neutron star ten times brighter than any previously known.doi: 10.1038/nature13791
Large, non-saturating magnetoresistance in WTe2 p.205
The magnetoresistance effect in WTe2, a layered semimetal, is extremely large: the electrical resistance can be changed by more than 13 million per cent at very high magnetic fields and low temperatures.doi: 10.1038/nature13763
Vibrational spectroscopy in the electron microscope p.209
Recent advances in electron microscopy are shown to allow vibrational spectroscopy at high spatial resolution in a scanning transmission electron microscope, and also to enable the direct detection of hydrogen.doi: 10.1038/nature13870
Global covariation of carbon turnover times with climate in terrestrial ecosystems p.213
A global, observation-based assessment of whole-ecosystem carbon turnover times shows that the overall mean global carbon turnover time is about 23 years and that locally its spatial variability depends on precipitation at least as strongly as on temperature.doi: 10.1038/nature13731
High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China p.218
Investigation of the chemical nature and sources of particulate matter at urban locations in four Chinese cities during a severe haze pollution event finds that the event was driven to a large extent by secondary aerosol formation.doi: 10.1038/nature13774
Pleistocene cave art from Sulawesi, Indonesia p.223
Cave art from the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia, consisting of human hand stencils and animal paintings, is at least 40,000 years old, raising the question of why rock art traditions appeared at more or less the same time at opposite ends of the Late Pleistocene human world.doi: 10.1038/nature13422
Inappropriate p53 activation during development induces features of CHARGE syndrome p.228
Inappropriate activation of the tumour-suppressor protein p53 during development can promote phenotypes similar to those of CHARGE syndrome, suggesting that p53 activation not only has a beneficial function in suppressing cancer but also a deleterious function in promoting developmental syndromes.doi: 10.1038/nature13585
Protein competition switches the function of COP9 from self-renewal to differentiation p.233
Using biochemical and genetic approaches, a protein-competition-based mechanism that controls the balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation of germline stem cells in the Drosophila melanogaster ovary has been uncovered.doi: 10.1038/nature13562
Interleukin-22 alleviates metabolic disorders and restores mucosal immunity in diabetes p.237
In pre-clinical mouse models, the interleukin-22 pathway is identified as a novel target for therapeutic intervention in metabolic diseases.doi: 10.1038/nature13564
HSP70 sequestration by free α-globin promotes ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassaemia p.242
β-Thalassaemia major (β-TM) is an inherited haemoglobinopathy caused by a quantitative defect in the synthesis of β-globin chains of haemoglobin, leading to the accumulation of free α-globin chains that form toxic aggregates
doi: 10.1038/nature13614
PRC2 loss amplifies Ras-driven transcription and confers sensitivity to BRD4-based therapies p.247
SUZ12, a component of the PRC2 complex, can also function as a tumour suppressor in certain tumours of the nervous system and melanomas.doi: 10.1038/nature13561
Mechanism of Dis3l2 substrate recognition in the Lin28–let-7 pathway p.252
The structure of mouse Dis3l2 bound to an oligoU substrate shows a funnel-like substrate-binding site with the RNA being fed into the active site along a path that is distinct from that seen in the related catalytic subunit of the exosome — 12 uracils of the oligoU-tailed RNA are recognized in a complex network of interactions, suggesting the basis for target specificity.doi: 10.1038/nature13553
Required enhancer–matrin-3 network interactions for a homeodomain transcription program p.257
The POU homeodomain transcription factor Pit1 is required for pituitary development; here Pit1-occupied enhancers are shown to interact with the nuclear architecture components matrin-3 and Satb1, and this association is required for activation of Pit1-regulated enhancers and coding target genes.doi: 10.1038/nature13573
