Diversity challenge p.279
There is growing evidence that embracing diversity — in all its senses — is key to doing good science. But there is still work to be done to ensure that inclusivity is the default, not the exception.doi: 10.1038/513279a
Volume 513 Issue 7518
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 3가지 다른 종류의 유럽인들에 대한 정보를 제공한 고대 인류 지놈 분석 결과
천연물질 합성을 위한 다중 기능성 유기 붕소 화합물
아프리카 시클리드 어류의 적응 방사를 위한 지놈 기질
사람 대장암 및 직장암의 프로테오믹스 특성 분석
제 3기 촉진 복합체의 분자 구성 및 메커니즘
빅뱅 30억년 후 코어 형성 단계에서의 거대 은하계
후기 미오세 동안 축소된 테티스해의 영향에 의한 사하라 사막
판 구조론을 유발시킨 대륙판의 확산 현상
인류의 영향보다 적응 전략의 하나로 나타난 침팬지 공격적 성향
세균 개체군에서 항생제 내성이 나타나는데 도움이 되는 제 3기 최적화
발달 계통 및 돌연변이 프로세스를 밝힌 정상 세포의 지놈 염기서열 분석 결과
컨텐츠
Editorials
A worthy ambition p.279
Finalizing the European Research Area is still a vibrant and relevant goal.doi: 10.1038/513279b
Amped-up plants p.280
Bacterial enzyme supercharges photosynthesis, promising increased yields for crops.doi: 10.1038/513280a
News
Japan stem-cell trial stirs envy p.287
Researchers elsewhere can’t wait to test iPS cells in humans.doi: 10.1038/513287a
Lander to aim for comet’s ‘head’ p.288
Touchdown site for Rosetta probe chosen unanimously.doi: 10.1038/513288a
Climate summit previews push for new global treaty p.289
United Nations meeting aims to spark enthusiasm for a 2015 emissions pact.doi: 10.1038/513289a
Sugar substitutes linked to obesity p.290
Artificial sweetener seems to change gut microbiome.doi: 10.1038/513290a
Indian Mars craft prepares for orbit p.291
Mangalyaan aims to be Asia’s first successful Martian mission.doi: 10.1038/513291a
Cross-bred crops get fit faster p.292
Genetic engineering lags behind conventional breeding in efforts to create drought-resistant maize.doi: 10.1038/513292a
News Features
Bounty hunters p.294
Destructive lionfish are invading coral reefs in the Americas, but fishing competitions can help to keep the problem species in check.doi: 10.1038/513294a
Pride in science p.297
The sciences can be a sanctuary for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender individuals, but biases may still discourage many from coming out.doi: 10.1038/513297a
News & Views
Radiating genomes p.318
Genome sequences and gene-expression data from representatives of five distinct lineages of African cichlid fish reveal signatures of the genomic changes that underlie the astounding cichlid diversity seen today. See Article p.375doi: 10.1038/nature13742
Catching relativistic electrons p.319
Low-energy electrons have been found to mimic relativistic high-energy particles in cadmium arsenide. This defines the first stable '3D Dirac semimetal', which holds promise for fundamental-physics exploration and practical applications.doi: 10.1038/513319a
The evolutionary roots of lethal conflict p.321
A comprehensive analysis of lethal coalitionary aggression in chimpanzees convincingly demonstrates that such aggression is an adaptive behaviour, not one that has emerged in response to human impacts. See Letter p.414doi: 10.1038/513321a
Giant black hole in a stripped galaxy p.322
An oversized, supermassive black hole has been discovered at the centre of a densely packed conglomeration of stars. The finding suggests that the system is the stripped nucleus of a once-larger galaxy. See Letter p.398doi: 10.1038/513322a
Shedding light on a change of mind p.323
Sophisticated genetic tools that make brain cells responsive to light have now been used in mice to trigger a memory connected with a particular place, and to switch its association from negative to positive, or vice versa. See Letter p.426doi: 10.1038/nature13745
Reactivity tamed one bond at a time p.324
A catalyst that couples together three reactants to form just one compound out of several possibilities, as a single mirror-image isomer, should simplify the synthesis of biologically relevant molecules. See Article p.367doi: 10.1038/513324a
Articles
Multifunctional organoboron compounds for scalable natural product synthesis p.367
A catalytic process is reported that begins with a highly selective copper–boron addition to a monosubstituted allene, and in which the resulting boron-substituted organocopper intermediate then participates in a chemoselective, site-selective and enantioselective allylic substitution; this approach is used in the enantioselective synthesis of gram quantities of two natural products.doi: 10.1038/nature13735
The genomic substrate for adaptive radiation in African cichlid fish OPEN p.375
Genomes and transcriptomes of five distinct lineages of African cichlids, a textbook example of adaptive radiation, have been sequenced and analysed to reveal that many types of molecular changes contributed to rapid evolution, and that standing variation accumulated during periods of relaxed selection may have primed subsequent diversification.doi: 10.1038/nature13726
Proteogenomic characterization of human colon and rectal cancer p.382
Proteome analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colorectal cancer specimens reveals that DNA- or RNA-level measurements cannot reliably predict protein abundance, colorectal tumours can be separated into distinct proteotypes, and that copy number alterations drive mRNA abundance changes but few extend to protein-level changes.doi: 10.1038/nature13438
Molecular architecture and mechanism of the anaphase-promoting complex p.388
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a large E3 ligase that mediates ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of cell cycle regulatory proteins; here the complete secondary structure architecture of human APC/C complexed with its coactivator CDH1 and substrate HSL1 is determined at 7.4 Å resolution, revealing allosteric changes induced by the coactivator that enhance affinity for UBCH10–ubiqutin.doi: 10.1038/nature13543
Letters
A massive galaxy in its core formation phase three billion years after the Big Bang p.394
Hubble Space Telescope, Keck telescope and Spitzer satellite data reveal the formation of the dense stellar core of a massive galaxy occurring three billion years after the Big Bang.doi: 10.1038/nature13616
A supermassive black hole in an ultra-compact dwarf galaxy p.398
Dynamical modelling of the ultra-compact dwarf galaxy M60-UCD1 reveals the presence of a supermassive black hole; this suggests the object is a stripped galaxy nucleus and implies the existence of supermassive black holes in many other ultra-compact dwarf galaxies.doi: 10.1038/nature13762
Aridification of the Sahara desert caused by Tethys Sea shrinkage during the Late Miocene p.401
The drying of the Tethys Sea—the progenitor of the modern Mediterranean, Black and Caspian seas—weakened the northern extension of the African monsoon and led to the creation of the Sahara desert about 7 million years ago.doi: 10.1038/nature13705
Spreading continents kick-started plate tectonics p.405
The slow gravitational collapse of early continents could have kick-started transient episodes of plate tectonics until, as the Earth’s interior cooled and oceanic lithosphere became heavier, plate tectonics became self-sustaining.doi: 10.1038/nature13728
Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans p.409
A sequencing study comparing ancient and contemporary genomes reveals that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, ancient north Eurasians (related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians) and early European farmers of mainly Near Eastern origin.doi: 10.1038/nature13673
Lethal aggression in Pan is better explained by adaptive strategies than human impacts p.414
A meta-analysis of studies on chimpanzees and bonobos across Africa shows that their conspecific aggression is the normal and expected product of adaptive strategies to obtain resources or mates and has no connection with the impacts of human activities.doi: 10.1038/nature13727
Optimization of lag time underlies antibiotic tolerance in evolved bacterial populations p.418
Repeated exposure of the bacterium Escherichia coli to clinically relevant concentrations of ampicillin results in the evolution of tolerance—the ability to survive until the antibiotic concentration diminishes—through an extension of the lag phase, a finding that has implications for slowing the evolution of antibiotic resistance.doi: 10.1038/nature13469
Genome sequencing of normal cells reveals developmental lineages and mutational processes p.422
On the basis of whole-genome sequences of clonal lines derived from normal mouse tissues, variation in mutational patterns and load across different tissues are described and early embryonic cell divisions are reconstructed.doi: 10.1038/nature13448
Bidirectional switch of the valence associated with a hippocampal contextual memory engram p.426
An optogenetic approach in mice was used to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying memory valence association; dentate gyrus, but not amygdala, memory engram cells exhibit plasticity in valence associations, suggesting that emotional memory associations can be changed at the circuit level.doi: 10.1038/nature13725
Exonuclease-mediated degradation of nascent RNA silences genes linked to severe malaria p.431
A novel type of post-transcriptional regulation controls the expression of virulence genes in blood-stage malaria parasites.doi: 10.1038/nature13468
Endocrinization of FGF1 produces a neomorphic and potent insulin sensitizer p.436
Pharmacological fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) normalizes blood glucose in diabetic mice by means of an FGF receptor signalling pathway that is independent of its mitogenic activity.doi: 10.1038/nature13540
Coordinated regulation of protein synthesis and degradation by mTORC1 p.440
mTORC1 is known to stimulate protein synthesis; now, it is shown to also promote the synthesis of proteasomes, which degrade proteins into the amino acids needed to create new proteins.doi: 10.1038/nature13492
