Genetic rights and wrongs p.143
Australia’s decision to uphold a patent on biological material is in danger of hampering the development of diagnostic tests.doi: 10.1038/513143a
Volume 513 Issue 7517
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 긴팔원숭이 지놈 및 빠른 핵형 진화
디자인된 형태로 유기 분자를 조립할 수 있는 신규 프로세스 개발
청각 대뇌 피질에서 시냅스 및 회로 기반 동반 반출
소화기 선암에 대한 분자 생물학적 특성 분석
강착 및 방향에 따라서 통합된 퀘이사의 다양성
태생 어류에서 성적 선택을 변화시킨 태반의 진화
피린 염증조절 복합체에 의한 로우-GTP 분해효소에 의한 선천성 면역 기구의 세균 인신 변화
시안 박테리아에 대한 새로운 바이러스 종류를 밝힌 새로운 연구 방법
이산화탄소에 의한 기공의 발달을 조절하는 탄소 탈수 효소 EPF2 및 새로운 단백질
신세포암의 발달을 억제하는 프럭토오스-1,6-비스포스파타아제
컨텐츠
Editorials
Ebola: time to act p.143
Governments and research organizations must mobilize to end the West African outbreak.doi: 10.1038/513143b
Orbital assembly p.144
The space launch of a 3D printer does not herald a brave new era — but it is a good start.doi: 10.1038/513144a
News
Scientists split over Scottish independence vote p.151
Research could founder or flourish if Scotland leaves the United Kingdom.doi: 10.1038/513151a
Plate tectonics found on Europa p.153
Discovery buoys bid for mission to Jovian moon.doi: 10.1038/513153a
Chinese data hint at trigger for fatal quake p.154
Seismic activity started to rise just as two giant reservoirs on upper Yangtze were being filled with water.doi: 10.1038/513154a
NASA to send 3D printer into space p.156
Machine will let astronauts create parts to order.doi: 10.1038/513156a
News Features
Survival of the fittest p.157
Using a wildlife version of fitness trackers, biologists can finally measure how much energy animals need to stay alive.doi: 10.1038/513157a
Vision quest p.160
Technologies are allowing doctors to do what was once unheard of: restore blind people's sight. Now the real challenges begin.doi: 10.1038/513160a
News & Views
Something to swing about p.174
The first gibbon genome to be sequenced provides clues about how genomes can be shuffled in short evolutionary time frames, and about how gibbons adapted and diversified in the jungles of southeast Asia. See Article p.195doi: 10.1038/513174a
Bacteria get vaccinated p.175
Infection by defective bacterial viruses that cannot replicate has now been found to be the key feature enabling bacteria to rapidly develop adaptive immunity against functional viruses.doi: 10.1038/513175a
No equatorial divide for a cleansing radical p.176
A constraint on the global distribution of the elusive hydroxyl radical takes us a step closer towards understanding the complex, interdependent factors that control the levels of this atmospheric cleanser. See Letter p.219doi: 10.1038/513176a
The promise and perils of roads p.178
A global map of the potential economic benefits of roads together with the environmental damage they can inflict provides a planning tool for sustainable development. See Letter p.229doi: 10.1038/nature13744
What goes down must come up p.179
A compilation of high-resolution measurements of ocean mixing collected over the past three decades reveals how deep ocean waters return to the surface — a process that helps to regulate Earth's climate.doi: 10.1038/513179a
Sound processing takes motor control p.180
Neurons linking the brain region that controls movement to the region involved in auditory control have been found to suppress auditory responses when mice move, but the reason for this inhibition is unclear. See Article p.189doi: 10.1038/nature13658
Quasar complexity simplified p.181
An analysis of a sample comprising some 20,000 mass-accreting supermassive black holes, known as quasars, shows that most of the diverse properties of these cosmic beacons are explained by only two quantities. See Letter p.210doi: 10.1038/513181a
Articles
Assembly-line synthesis of organic molecules with tailored shapes p.183
The iterative, reagent-controlled homologation of a boronic ester is used to create an ‘assembly line’ capable of synthesizing organic molecules that contain ten contiguous, stereochemically defined methyl groups and which have different shapes depending on the stereochemistry of those groups.doi: 10.1038/nature13711
A synaptic and circuit basis for corollary discharge in the auditory cortex p.189
Here auditory cortex excitatory neurons are shown to decrease their activity during locomotion, grooming and vocalization, and this decrease was paralleled by increased activity in inhibitory interneurons; these findings provide a circuit basis for how self-motion and external sensory signals can be integrated to potentially facilitate hearing.doi: 10.1038/nature13724
Gibbon genome and the fast karyotype evolution of small apes OPEN p.195
The genome of the gibbon, a tree-dwelling ape from Asia positioned between Old World monkeys and the great apes, is presented, providing insights into the evolutionary history of gibbon species and their accelerated karyotypes, as well as evidence for selection of genes such as those for forelimb development and connective tissue that may be important for locomotion through trees.doi: 10.1038/nature13679
Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma OPEN p.202
The Cancer Genome Atlas reports on molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas and proposes a new classification of gastric cancers into 4 subtypes, which should help with clinical assessment and trials of targeted therapies.doi: 10.1038/nature13480
Letters
The diversity of quasars unified by accretion and orientation p.210
Analysis of archival quasar data reveals that two quantities — the Eddington ratio and orientation — explain most of the diverse characteristics of quasars.doi: 10.1038/nature13712
Probing excitonic dark states in single-layer tungsten disulphide p.214
A series of long-lived excitons in a monolayer of tungsten disulphide are found to have strong binding energy and an energy dependence on orbital momentum that significantly deviates from conventional, three-dimensional, behaviour.doi: 10.1038/nature13734
Observational evidence for interhemispheric hydroxyl-radical parity p.219
Observations of methyl chloroform combined with an atmospheric transport model predict a Northern to Southern Hemisphere hydroxyl ratio of slightly less than 1, whereas commonly used atmospheric chemistry models predict ratios 15–45% higher.doi: 10.1038/nature13721
A major advance of tropical Andean glaciers during the Antarctic cold reversal p.224
A moraine chronology determined by surface exposure dating shows that glaciers in the northern tropical Andes expanded to a larger extent during the Antarctic cold reversal (14,500 to 12,900 years ago) than during the Younger Dryas stadial (12,800 to 11,500 years ago), contrary to previous studies; as a result, previous chronologies and climate interpretations from tropical glaciers may need to be revisited.doi: 10.1038/nature13546
A global strategy for road building p.229
A global zoning scheme is proposed to limit the environmental costs of road building while maximizing its benefits for human development, by discriminating among areas where road building would have high environmental costs but relatively low agricultural advantage, areas where strategic road improvements could promote agricultural production with relatively modest environmental costs, and ‘conflict areas’ where road building may have large agricultural benefits but also high environmental costs.doi: 10.1038/nature13717
The evolution of the placenta drives a shift in sexual selection in livebearing fish p.233
In poeciliid fish, the evolution of the placenta is associated with polyandry in females and correlates with a suite of phenotypic and behavioural traits in males.doi: 10.1038/nature13451
Innate immune sensing of bacterial modifications of Rho GTPases by the Pyrin inflammasome p.237
The Pyrin inflammasome detects the presence of a pathogen not through recognition of a microbial molecule but by the activity of a bacterial toxin that modifies host Rho activity.doi: 10.1038/nature13449
Viral tagging reveals discrete populations in Synechococcus viral genome sequence space p.242
The metagenome of uncultured, Pacific Ocean viruses linked to a ubiquitous cyanobacteria is characterized using viral-tagging, revealing discrete populations in viral sequence space that includes previously cultivated populations and new populations missed in isolate-based studies.doi: 10.1038/nature13459
Carbonic anhydrases, EPF2 and a novel protease mediate CO2 control of stomatal development p.246
The continuing rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations suppresses the development of stomatal pores, and thus gas exchange, in plant leaves on a global scale; now, a framework of mechanisms by which carbon dioxide represses development has been identified.doi: 10.1038/nature13452
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase opposes renal carcinoma progression p.251
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is shown to be depleted in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and inhibits ccRCC progression by antagonizing glycolytic flux in renal tubular epithelial cells and by restraining cell proliferation, glycolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway in von Hippel–Lindau-protein-deficient ccRCC cells by blocking hypoxia-inducible factor function.doi: 10.1038/nature13557
Metastasis-suppressor transcript destabilization through TARBP2 binding of mRNA hairpins p.256
Linear sequence elements within messenger RNAs are known to be targeted by regulatory factors such as microRNAs for degradation, a process that has been implicated in disease; now, non-linear regulatory structural elements within mRNAs are shown also to be targeted, with the resulting mRNA destabilization mediating breast cancer metastasis.doi: 10.1038/nature13466
Serial time-resolved crystallography of photosystem II using a femtosecond X-ray laser p.261
Femtosecond X-ray pulses were used to obtain diffraction data on photosystem II, revealing conformational changes as the complex transitions from the dark S1 state to the double-pumped S3 state; the time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography technique enables structural determination of protein conformations that are highly prone to traditional radiation damage.doi: 10.1038/nature13453
