Biosafety in the balance p.443
An accident with anthrax demonstrates that pathogen research always carries a risk of release — and highlights the need for rigorous scrutiny of gain-of-function flu studies.doi: 10.1038/510443a
Volume 510 Issue 7506
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 베타 락탐계 항생제 내성 유전자를 억제할 수 있는 Aspergillus versicolor 유래 천연물질
N-헤테로사이클릭 카르벤에 관한 개요
단일 GU 쌍을 기반으로 한 선택적 tRNA 아미노아실화 메커니즘
모듈형 폴리케타이드 합성을 위한 구조 분석
차가운 원자를 이용한 뉴턴 만유인력 상수에 대한 정밀 측정
고체 합금 촉매 상에서 키랄성 특이적인 성장을 보이는 SWNT
마린 동위원소 단계 11 동안 일어난 남부 그린란드 대륙 빙하 붕괴 현상
푸르키네 세포 가소성과 소뇌 운동 학습
제 1형 당뇨병 환자 줄기세포 핵의 재프로그램화를 가능하게 하는 핵치환 미성숙 난자
DNA 메틸화 염기서열 분석을 통한 수모세포종 세포의 조절 방법 분석
컨텐츠
Editorials
Metrics market p.444
Measures of research impact are improving, but universities should be wary of their limits.doi: 10.1038/510444a
Storm warning p.444
Environmentalists are divided over whether it is possible to have a ‘good’ Anthropocene.doi: 10.1038/510444b
News
NASA carbon-monitoring orbiter readies for launch p.451
Satellite will map sources and sinks of greenhouse gas in unprecedented detail.doi: 10.1038/510451a
Africa science plan attacked p.452
Proposed innovation strategy is low on detail and commitments from governments.doi: 10.1038/510452a
Resurrected cancer drug faces regulators p.454
Despite a chequered history, olaparib is finally before the US Food and Drug Administration.doi: 10.1038/510454a
‘Life on Earth’ project gets under way p.455
Assessments by international biodiversity group aim to halt damage to world’s ecosystems.doi: 10.1038/510455a
Brain wave hits California p.456
State creates programme to boost neuroscience innovation.doi: 10.1038/510456a
News Features
Close collaborators p.458
Romance often sparks between colleagues, and scientists are no different. Nature profiles four super-couples who have combined love and the lab.doi: 10.1038/510458a
Vitamins on trial p.462
After decades of study, researchers still can't agree on whether nutritional supplements actually improve health.doi: 10.1038/510462a
News & Views
Identifying a hidden warhead p.476
A means of verifying that nuclear warheads to be dismantled are genuine items has been proposed that potentially reveals no information to an inspector about the design of the weapons. Two experts explain the ins and outs of the method and its implications for arms-control policy. See Article p.497doi: 10.1038/510476a
To the rescue of old drugs p.477
A naturally occurring fungal compound has been found to restore the susceptibility of bacteria to a class of antibiotic that is currently considered to be our last defence against serious infections. See Article p.503doi: 10.1038/510477a
A cool way to measure big G p.478
Published results of the gravitational constant, a measure of the strength of gravity, have failed to converge. An approach that uses cold atoms provides a new data point in the quest to determine this fundamental constant. See Letter p.518doi: 10.1038/nature13507
Wobble puts RNA on target p.480
Enzymes that attach amino acids to transfer RNAs during protein synthesis must recognize both substrates specifically. Crystal structures reveal a mechanism that explains the RNA specificity for one such system. See Article p.507doi: 10.1038/nature13502
Trawling for complements p.481
A method has been invented for determining nanoscale variations in the distribution of electric charge on surfaces. It has so far been used to examine specific inorganic materials, but could find widespread applications in imaging.doi: 10.1038/510481a
Enzyme assembly line pictured p.482
Many enzymes form 'assembly lines' containing a series of catalytic modules. Visualization of how the structure of a module shifts during catalysis provides a clearer idea of how such enzymes work. See Article p.512 & Letter p.560doi: 10.1038/nature13505
Review
An overview of N-heterocyclic carbenes p.485
N-heterocyclic carbenes are powerful tools in organic chemistry, with many commercially important applications; this overview describes their properties and potential uses.doi: 10.1038/nature13384
Articles
A zero-knowledge protocol for nuclear warhead verification p.497
Future rounds of nuclear arms control would ideally involve direct inspection of nuclear warheads using procedures that give inspectors high confidence about the authenticity of submitted nuclear items yet give no information about their design; this is now shown to be achievable using zero-knowledge protocols in neutron imaging of nuclear warheads.doi: 10.1038/nature13457
Aspergillomarasmine A overcomes metallo-β-lactamase antibiotic resistance p.503
The emergence of Gram-negative pathogens resistant to carbapenem antibiotics is a global health concern and carbapenem resistance often arises through acquisition of β-lactamase enzymes; this study identifies the natural fungal product aspergillomarasmine A as a metallo-β-lactamase inhibitor and a potential treatment to tackle carbapenem resistance.doi: 10.1038/nature13445
The selective tRNA aminoacylation mechanism based on a single G•U pair p.507
X-ray crystal structures of a tRNA synthetase bound to wild-type and mutant alanine tRNAs reveal the structural basis for selectivity.doi: 10.1038/nature13440
Structure of a modular polyketide synthase p.512
Polyketide synthases are multidomain enzymes that produce polyketides, which form the basis of many therapeutic agents; here, electron cryo-microscopy is used to establish the structure of a bacterial full-length module, and to elucidate the structural basis of both intramodule and intermodule substrate transfer.doi: 10.1038/nature13423
Letters
Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant using cold atoms p.518
Determination of the gravitational constant G using laser-cooled atoms and quantum interferometry, a technique that gives new insight into the systematic errors that have proved elusive in previous experiments, yields a value that has a relative uncertainty of 150 parts per million and which differs from the current recommended value by 1.5 combined standard deviations.doi: 10.1038/nature13433
Chirality-specific growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on solid alloy catalysts p.522
Single-walled carbon nanotubes of a single chirality can be produced with an abundance of more than 92 per cent when using tungsten-based bimetallic alloy nanocrystals as catalysts.doi: 10.1038/nature13434
South Greenland ice-sheet collapse during Marine Isotope Stage 11 p.525
The isotopic composition of glacial sediment discharged into the ocean from south Greenland is used to identify a major reduction in the amount of that sediment derived from erosion of Greenland’s Precambrian bedrock, probably indicating the cessation of subglacial erosion and sediment transport during Marine Isotope Stage 11 as a result of the almost complete deglaciation of south Greenland.doi: 10.1038/nature13456
Purkinje-cell plasticity and cerebellar motor learning are graded by complex-spike duration p.529
Recordings from monkeys during motor learning suggest that durations of complex-spike (CS) responses to climbing-fibre inputs are meaningful signals correlated across the Purkinje-cell population during motor learning; longer climbing-fibre bursts lead to longer-duration CS responses, larger synaptic depression and stronger learning, thus forming a graded instruction.doi: 10.1038/nature13282
Human oocytes reprogram adult somatic nuclei of a type 1 diabetic to diploid pluripotent stem cells p.533
Here human embryonic stem cell lines are derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer from cells of a newborn and from skin cells of an adult, a female with type 1 diabetes; the stem cells produced are pluripotent and can be differentiated into insulin-producing beta cells.doi: 10.1038/nature13287
Decoding the regulatory landscape of medulloblastoma using DNA methylation sequencing p.537
Medulloblastoma is a malignant childhood brain tumour presenting major clinical challenges; here, a comprehensive genome-wide DNA methylation data set from human and mouse tumours, coupled with analysis of histone modifications, RNA transcripts and genome sequencing, uncovers a wealth of alterations that provide insights into the epigenetic regulation of transcription and genome organization in medulloblastoma pathogenesis.doi: 10.1038/nature13268
Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase p.542
Metformin treatment of rats at physiologically relevant doses inhibits the redox shuttle enzyme mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase.doi: 10.1038/nature13270
Cyclin D1–Cdk4 controls glucose metabolism independently of cell cycle progression p.547
Formation of an active cyclin D1–Cdk4 complex suppresses glucose metabolism independently of cell division.doi: 10.1038/nature13267
Structure of a lipid-bound extended synaptotagmin indicates a role in lipid transfer p.552
Several proteins localized at membrane contact sites contain an SMP domain, which has been proposed to act as a lipid-binding module; here, the crystal structure of a fragment of the extended synaptotagmin 2 protein, including its SMP, is presented, and indicates that this protein may have a direct role in lipid transport.doi: 10.1038/nature13269
BRCA1 controls homologous recombination at Tus/Ter-stalled mammalian replication forks p.556
Direct evidence for the role of BRCA1 in controlling homologous recombination at stalled replication forks has been obtained in mammalian cells using the bacterial Tus/Ter system.doi: 10.1038/nature13295
Structural rearrangements of a polyketide synthase module during its catalytic cycle p.560
The polyketide synthase (PKS) mega-enzyme assembly line uses a modular architecture to synthesize diverse and bioactive natural products that often constitute the core structures or complete chemical entities for many clinically approved therapeutic agents
doi: 10.1038/nature13409
