Good practice p.187
Standardized procedures and analyses should help to get stem-cell therapies to the clinic.doi: 10.1038/510187b
Volume 510 Issue 7504
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 중남미 지역에서의 연구 개발이 지역 경제 발전에 미치는 영향
EXO-200 데이터로부터 마요나라 뉴트리노를 찾기 위한 연구
조혈모 세포 내 유전자의 정확한 타깃 및 수선을 가능하게 한 신기술
동종 결합에 의한 감수 분열 DNA 손상 개수 및 분포 조절
적은 분자 가스를 가진 먼지 지대에서 발생한 두 개의 감마선 폭발
온난화 조건에서 증가한 이산화탄소에 의한 식물 생장기 연장
운동 학습 동안에 일어나는 대규모 신경 세포 변화
스트레스에 반응하여 손상된 줄기세포 제거 메커니즘
사람 배아 줄기세포에서 유래한 심근세포를 통한 유인원 심장 손상 모델 적용
고환 제거술에 저항성을 띠는 전립선 암 치료를 위한 새로운 BET 도메인 타깃 저분자 약물 후보
컨텐츠
Editorials
A growing problem p.187
Without careful stewardship, genetically engineered crops will do little to stop the spread of herbicide-resistant weeds.doi: 10.1038/510187a
Open goal p.188
International researchers can help to improve the scientific enterprise in South America.doi: 10.1038/510188a
News
Fetal-cell revival for Parkinson’s p.195
Moratorium on controversial therapy lifted as stem cells emerge as alternative source of treatment.doi: 10.1038/510195a
Space-station science ramps up p.196
NASA pushes research agenda in face of Russian resistance.doi: 10.1038/510196a
Cancer-gene data sharing boosted p.198
Efforts to get more breast-cancer gene variants into public databases are gaining ground.doi: 10.1038/510198a
Sound clue in hunt for MH370 p.199
Hydroacoustic signal caught by sensors in the Indian Ocean may be linked to crash of Malaysian airliner.doi: 10.1038/510199a
News Features
Stars of South American science p.201
Growing resources for research and development are creating opportunities across the continent, but many countries still struggle to build their programmes.doi: 10.1038/510201a
The impact gap: South America by the numbers p.202
doi: 10.1038/510202a
South American science: Big players p.204
Despite myriad problems in many countries, pockets of excellence thrive in South American science.doi: 10.1038/510204a
Research training: Homeward bound p.207
South American efforts to repatriate scientists are paying off.doi: 10.1038/510207a
News & Views
Materials science: Diamond gets harder p.220
Composite materials that incorporate diamond are among the hardest in the world, but fail under extreme conditions. A nanostructured form of diamond, made from onion-like carbon precursors, might overcome this problem. See Letter p.250doi: 10.1038/510220a
Plant biology: Pass the ammunition p.221
Tomato plants that have been damaged by herbivorous insects emit airborne chemicals that warn neighbours of an impending attack. It emerges that the receiving plants transform these signals into defensive weapons.doi: 10.1038/510221a
Immunology: When lymphocytes run out of steam p.222
The finding that absence of the enzyme CTPS1 underlies a form of human immunodeficiency highlights the role of metabolism in immune responses and suggests avenues for treating diseases such as leukaemia. See Letter p.288doi: 10.1038/nature13346
Particle physics: The hunt for Majorana neutrinos hots up p.224
Finding that neutrinos are their own antiparticles would revolutionize particle physics. A high-sensitivity technique accelerates the search for the nuclear-decay process that would enable such a discovery. See Article p.229doi: 10.1038/nature13501
Cancer biology: Enzyme meets a surprise target p.225
An enzyme previously implicated in gene regulation has now been found to have a role in cancer progression, potentiating an intracellular signalling pathway that is driven by a mutated K-Ras protein. See Letter p.283doi: 10.1038/nature13343
Gene therapy: Repair and replace p.226
One approach to treating inherited diseases is repairing the defective genes, but this has proved challenging in stem cells. An optimized protocol has now been developed that allows gene repair in blood-cell precursors. See Article p.235doi: 10.1038/nature13344
Articles
Search for Majorana neutrinos with the first two years of EXO-200 data p.229
The EXO-200 Collaboration Neutrinos are known to have mass, in contradiction to the predictions of the standard model, and one explanation of this mass is that they are Majorana fermions; this conjecture could be proved by observation of the neutrinoless double-β decay process, but new experiments with 136Xe find no statistically significant evidence for this process.doi: 10.1038/nature13432
Targeted genome editing in human repopulating haematopoietic stem cells p.235
Pietro Genovese, Giulia Schiroli, Giulia Escobar, Tiziano Di Tomaso, Claudia Firrito+ et al. The feasibility of targeted genome editing in human haematopoietic stem cells is demonstrated; the study overcomes previously existing barriers by tailoring delivery platforms and culture conditions.doi: 10.1038/nature13420
Homologue engagement controls meiotic DNA break number and distribution p.241
Drew Thacker, Neeman Mohibullah, Xuan Zhu & Scott Keeney DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are shown to form in greater numbers in yeast cells lacking ZMM proteins, which are traditionally regarded as acting strictly downstream of DSB formation; these findings shed light on how cells balance the beneficial and deleterious outcomes of DSB formation.doi: 10.1038/nature13120
Letters
Two γ-ray bursts from dusty regions with little molecular gas p.247
Emission spectra from the host galaxies of two γ-ray bursts reveal that the regions where the bursts occur are rich in dust but not in molecular gas, which is unexpected because γ-ray bursts are associated with the explosions of massive stars that require molecular gas as fuel.doi: 10.1038/nature13325
Nanotwinned diamond with unprecedented hardness and stability p.250
Nanotwinned diamond synthesized with onion carbon nanoparticles as precursors has much higher hardness and thermal stability than natural diamond; its enhanced hardness is due to the reduced size of its twin structures.doi: 10.1038/nature13381
Increased frequency of extreme Indian Ocean Dipole events due to greenhouse warming p.254
Extreme positive-Indian-Ocean-dipole events cause devastating floods in eastern tropical Africa and severe droughts in Asia; increasing greenhouse gas emissions will make these dipole events about three times more frequent in the twenty-first century.doi: 10.1038/nature13327
Elevated CO2 further lengthens growing season under warming conditions p.259
A grassland warming and CO2 enrichment experiment shows that temperature increase brings forward the growing season of early leafing species, but does not affect or delays senescence in late species, the latter enhanced by elevated CO2.doi: 10.1038/nature13207
Emergence of reproducible spatiotemporal activity during motor learning p.263
Inhibitory neuron activity is found to be relatively stable during motor learning whereas excitatory neuron activity is much more dynamic — the results indicate that a large number of neurons exhibit activity changes early on during motor learning, but this population is refined with subsequent practice.doi: 10.1038/nature13235
The unfolded protein response governs integrity of the haematopoietic stem-cell pool during stress p.268
Molecular, pharmacological and functional data show that haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are predisposed to ER-stress-mediated apoptosis compared to closely related progenitors; a framework for understanding how stress signalling is coordinated within the hematopoietic hierarchy and integrated with stemness is provided, and may have implications for the improvement of clinical transplantation of HSCs.doi: 10.1038/nature13228
Human embryonic-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes regenerate non-human primate hearts p.273
Regeneration of the heart muscle after myocardial infarction with cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells is demonstrated in non-human primates, with the grafts showing evidence of electromechanical coupling, although they were also associated with non-fatal arrhythmias.doi: 10.1038/nature13233
Therapeutic targeting of BET bromodomain proteins in castration-resistant prostate cancer p.278
Small-molecule compounds that target the BET domain in proteins such as BRD4 have recently been identified as potential anticancer agents; here, the efficacy of the BRD4-targeting compound JQ1 is demonstrated in castration-resistant prostate cancer driven by deregulated androgen receptor action.doi: 10.1038/nature13229
SMYD3 links lysine methylation of MAP3K2 to Ras-driven cancer p.283
SMYD3 is a methyltransferase overexpressed in several human tumours; here methylation of the MAP3K2 kinase by SMYD3 is shown to be critical for Ras-induced tumour development in mouse models and human tumour cells, showing an unexpected role for methylation in a kinase signalling pathway and revealing a candidate therapeutic target.doi: 10.1038/nature13320
CTP synthase 1 deficiency in humans reveals its central role in lymphocyte proliferation p.288
Loss-of-function mutations in the human CTP synthase 1 gene cause an immunodeficiency disease with impaired T cell proliferation after antigen stimulation, revealing a potential new target for immunosuppressive drugs.doi: 10.1038/nature13386
A Ctf4 trimer couples the CMG helicase to DNA polymerase α in the eukaryotic replisome p.293
This study shows how the yeast Ctf4 protein couples the DNA helicase, Cdc45–MCM–GINS, to DNA polymerase α — the GINS subunit of the helicase and the polymerase use a similar interaction to bind Ctf4, suggesting that, as Ctf4 is a trimer, two polymerases could be simultaneously coupled to a single helicase during lagging-strand synthesis.doi: 10.1038/nature13234
Quantitative flux analysis reveals folate-dependent NADPH production p.298
A metabolomics quantification of NADPH production and consumption fluxes in proliferating mammalian cells reveals that, in addition to canonical pathways such as the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, NADPH can also be produced by a folate metabolism pathway, a discovery providing new insights into the metabolism of cell growth.doi: 10.1038/nature13236
