Clean break p.533
Improved biomass stoves are not popular, people everywhere deserve modern cooking methods.doi: 10.1038/509533b
Volume 509 Issue 7502
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 사람 프로테옴 지도 초안 발표
단백질 스펀지와 같은 기능을 하는 비암호화 RNA RamZ 구조 분석
모 항성의 금속성으로부터 추정할 수 있는 태양계 외부 행성 지름 분류
양자의 자기적 모멘트에 대한 직접적인 고 정밀 측정
글로벌 탄소 순환과 관련된 연간 변화에 대한 반 건조 지역 생태계 기여도
태풍에 의한 극지방 해빙 파괴 분석
경골과 유사한 연골을 가지고 있는 것으로 확인된 고대 상어
서식처에 따른 토양 내 항생제 내성에 대한 세균 계통분류학적 구조
포유류 촉각 수용체 역할을 하는 표피 내 머켈 세포
복내측 시상하부 내 Esr1 + 신경세포에 의한 마운팅 및 공격 행동 조절
컨텐츠
Editorials
A three-step plan for antibiotics p.533
If the threat of antibiotic resistance is to be managed, existing drugs must be marshalled more effectively and new medicines must get to market fast.doi: 10.1038/509533a
Welcome, Scientific Data! p.534
doi: 10.1038/509534a
News
Old cancer drug gets fresh look p.541
Refinements to disfavoured immune therapy offer safer, more effective treatment.doi: 10.1038/509541a
US Arctic research ship ready to cast off p.542
Long-awaited vessel Sikuliaq joins an ageing fleet.doi: 10.1038/509542a
Cloud computing beckons scientists p.543
Price and flexibility appeal as data sets grow.doi: 10.1038/509543a
Biomedical institute opens its doors to physicists p.544
The development is part of a growing trend to tap physics expertise.doi: 10.1038/509544a
Chicken project gets off the ground p.546
Effort aims to unravel the history of bird’s domestication.doi: 10.1038/509546a
News Features
Deadly dinners p.548
Polluting biomass stoves, used by one-third of the global population, take a terrible toll. But efforts to clean them up are failing.doi: 10.1038/509548a
Complexity on the horizon p.552
A concept developed for computer science could have a key role in fundamental physics — and point the way to a new understanding of space and time.doi: 10.1038/509552a
News & Views
A sink down under p.566
The finding that semi-arid ecosystems in the Southern Hemisphere may be largely responsible for changes in global concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide has repercussions for future levels of this greenhouse gas. See Letter p.600doi: 10.1038/nature13341
Barriers to the spread of resistance p.567
Despite identifying abundant genes capable of conferring antibiotic resistance in soil microorganisms, a study finds that few are shared by human pathogens and that there is little transfer of the genes within the soil communities. See Letter p.612doi: 10.1038/nature13342
Energy storage wrapped up p.568
Cables and wires are used to conduct electricity, but can they also store energy? The answer is a resounding 'yes', if they are encased by a supercapacitor device — a finding that might open up many applications.doi: 10.1038/509568a
Female silkworms have the sex factor p.570
Sex determination in the silkworm Bombyx mori has been found to depend on the presence or absence of a small RNA. This is thought to be the first example of a molecule other than a protein mediating this process. See Letter p.633doi: 10.1038/nature13336
The magnetic proton p.571
A record measurement of the proton's magnetism has been achieved by confining a single proton in a device called a double Penning trap. The result opens the way to exploring one of nature's fundamental symmetries. See Letter p.596doi: 10.1038/509571a
Switched at birth p.572
Exposure to atmospheric oxygen in the days after a mammal's birth causes its heart muscle cells to stop proliferating. The finding may explain why zebrafish, which live in a hypoxic environment, can regenerate their hearts as adults.doi: 10.1038/509572a
To affinity and beyond p.573
Tracking B cells in germinal centres — hotspots of B-cell proliferation and mutation during an immune response — reveals that those cells presenting the most antigen on their surface are programmed to dominate. See Letter p.637doi: 10.1038/509573a
Articles
A draft map of the human proteome p.575
A draft map of the human proteome is presented here, accounting for over 80% of the annotated protein-coding genes in humans; some novel protein-coding regions, including translated pseudogenes, non-coding RNAs and upstream open reading frames, are identified.doi: 10.1038/nature13302
Mass-spectrometry-based draft of the human proteome p.582
A mass-spectrometry-based draft of the human proteome and a public database for analysis of proteome data are presented; assembled information is used to estimate the size of the protein-coding genome, to identify organ-specific proteins, proteins predicting drug resistance or sensitivity, and many translated long intergenic non-coding RNAs, and to reveal conserved control of protein abundance.doi: 10.1038/nature13319
Structural basis of the non-coding RNA RsmZ acting as a protein sponge p.588
A novel combined NMR and EPR spectroscopy approach reveals the structure and assembly mechanism of a 70-kDa bacterial ribonucleoprotein complex acting as a protein sponge in translational regulation.doi: 10.1038/nature13271
Letters
Three regimes of extrasolar planet radius inferred from host star metallicities p.593
Analysis of the metallicities of more than 400 stars hosting 600 candidate extrasolar planets shows that the planets can be categorized by size into three populations — terrestrial-like planets, gas dwarf planets with rocky cores and hydrogen–helium envelopes, and ice or gas giant planets — on the basis of host star metallicity.doi: 10.1038/nature13254
Direct high-precision measurement of the magnetic moment of the proton p.596
The magnetic moment of the proton is directly measured with unprecedented precision using a double Penning trap.doi: 10.1038/nature13388
Contribution of semi-arid ecosystems to interannual variability of the global carbon cycle p.600
The unusually large land carbon sink reported in 2011 can mostly be attributed to semi-arid vegetation growth in the Southern Hemisphere following increased rainfall and long-term greening trends.doi: 10.1038/nature13376
Storm-induced sea-ice breakup and the implications for ice extent p.604
Concurrent observations at multiple locations indicate that storm-generated ocean waves propagating through Antarctic sea ice can transport enough energy to break first-year sea ice hundreds of kilometres from the ice edge, which is much farther than would be predicted by the commonly assumed exponential wave decay.doi: 10.1038/nature13262
A Palaeozoic shark with osteichthyan-like branchial arches p.608
A description of the gill skeleton of a very early fossil shark-like fish shows that it bears more resemblance to gill skeletons from bony fishes rather than to those from modern cartilaginous fishes, suggesting that modern sharks are not anatomically primitive, as previously thought.doi: 10.1038/nature13195
Bacterial phylogeny structures soil resistomes across habitats p.612
Functional metagenomic selections for resistance to 18 antibiotics in 18 different soils reveal that bacterial community composition is the primary determinant of soil antibiotic resistance gene content.doi: 10.1038/nature13377
Epidermal Merkel cells are mechanosensory cells that tune mammalian touch receptors p.617
The cellular basis of touch has long been debated, in particular the relationship between sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells; a mouse study uses optogenetics to identify their distinct and collaborative roles, with skin-derived Merkel cells both transducing touch and actively tuning responses of touch-sensitive neurons.doi: 10.1038/nature13250
Piezo2 is required for Merkel-cell mechanotransduction p.622
A mouse study shows that non-neuronal epidermal Merkel cells aid fine-touch perception in the skin through their expression of the Piezo2 mechanosensitive cation channel which then actively tunes the response to touch in adjacent somatosensory neurons.doi: 10.1038/nature13251
Scalable control of mounting and attack by Esr1+ neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus
p.627
Social behaviours, such as aggression or mating, proceed through a series of appetitive and consummatory phases
doi: 10.1038/nature13169
A single female-specific piRNA is the primary determiner of sex in the silkworm p.633
It is known that in the silkworm (Bombyx mori), males have two Z sex chromosomes whereas females have Z and W and the W chromosome has a dominant role in female determination; here a single female-specific W-chromosome-derived PIWI-interacting RNA is shown to be the feminizing factor in B. mori.doi: 10.1038/nature13315
Clonal selection in the germinal centre by regulated proliferation and hypermutation p.637
Clonal expansion and hypermutation of B cells in the germinal centre are regulated by the amount of antigen that the B cells present to follicular helper T cells.doi: 10.1038/nature13300
Dichloroacetate prevents restenosis in preclinical animal models of vessel injury p.641
During development of myointimal hyperplasia in human arteries, smooth muscle cells have hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), high proliferation and apoptosis resistance; PDK2 is a key regulatory protein whose activation is necessary for myointima formation, and its blockade with dichloroacetate prevents Δψm hyperpolarization, facilitates apoptosis and reduces myointima formation in injured arteries, without preventing vessel re-endothelialization, possibly representing a novel strategy to prevent proliferative vascular diseases.doi: 10.1038/nature13232
