Still much to learn about mice p.399
A project that aims to mutate every gene in the mouse genome to improve our knowledge of mouse biology should help to avoid irreproducible results and costly failures in drug development.doi: 10.1038/509399a
Volume 509 Issue 7501
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 후생학적 교배 타입 유전에 대한 지놈 방어 scnRNA
늙은 세포가 개체의 노화에 미치는 영향
비 억제성을 통해서 공포에 대한 학습을 주도하는 편도체 개재 뉴런
코카인에 의한 중독 현상을 조절하는 측좌핵 가소성 메커니즘
흉선 내에서 종양 억제 메커니즘에 관여하는 세포 기능
얼프-라이에 별 전구체에서 관측된 질량 소실
모니터링 신호에 의한 간섭 없는 실용성 높은 양자 암호화 기술
극지방 강수량 증가와 관련된 지역적 증발 및 해빙 감소
캘리포니아 지역에서 지하수 감소에 의한 융기 현상 및 지진 증가
사람 세포에서 기능적 지노믹스 연구를 위한 CRISPR/Cas9 라이브러리에 대한 고속 스크리닝 방법
컨텐츠
Editorials
Not on the label p.399
A US push to flag foods as genetically engineered is hard to swallow.doi: 10.1038/509399b
Out with a bang p.400
The discovery of a Wolf-Rayet supernova rebuts the idea that the biggest stars go quietly.doi: 10.1038/509400a
News
Pluto-bound probe faces crisis p.407
NASA scientists scramble to find an object in the outer Solar System’s Kuiper belt in time for a close-up visit.doi: 10.1038/509407a
Submersible loss hits research p.408
But scientists remain positive about the future of deep-sea exploration despite disintegration of unique US Nereus craft.doi: 10.1038/509408a
Text-mining offers clues to success p.410
US intelligence programme analyses language in patents and papers to identify next big technologies.doi: 10.1038/509410a
Jelly genome mystery p.411
Publication of the draft genetic sequence of a comb jelly reveals a nervous system like no other.doi: 10.1038/509411a
Activists sound alarm on tiered drug prices p.412
Plan could increase health costs in middle-income nations.doi: 10.1038/509412a
News Features
The power of three p.414
Techniques that transfer DNA from diseased human eggs to healthy ones — creating offspring with three biological parents — are on the verge of clinical use.doi: 10.1038/509414a
Carving up the Amazon p.418
A rash of road construction is causing widespread change in the world's largest tropical forest — with potentially global consequences.doi: 10.1038/509418a
News & Views
Keeping one's sex p.430
Progeny of the protist Paramecium tetraurelia always retain the parental mating type. This inheritance is revealed to result from an RNA-guided DNA-deletion pathway that protects the genome from foreign DNA sequences. See Article p.447doi: 10.1038/nature13333
Windy stars that go with a bang p.431
The probable signature of an ageing massive star's stellar wind has been detected shortly after the star underwent a supernova explosion. The finding suggests that such windy stars can have bright, observable deaths. See Letter p.471doi: 10.1038/509431a
Double function at the blood–brain barrier p.432
Two aspects of the blood–brain barrier — the transport of lipids to the brain and the transport of molecules across cells lining blood vessels — have been shown to be regulated by the same protein, Mfsd2a. See Letters p.503 & p.507doi: 10.1038/nature13339
Selectivity from flexibility p.434
Porous materials called metal–organic frameworks hold promise for many applications, including molecular separations. One such material has been discovered that shape-shifts to amplify its selectivity for a target molecule.doi: 10.1038/509434a
Darwinian tumour suppression p.435
Competition for access to a survival factor has been found to explain why incoming cells from the bone marrow replace resident cells in the thymus. Reducing this competition can cause tumours to form. See Article p.465doi: 10.1038/nature13337
Fertile fields for seismicity p.436
An analysis of crustal uplift around California's San Joaquin Valley, caused by groundwater extraction, reveals that such removal leads to both seasonal and long-term unclamping of the nearby San Andreas Fault system. See Letter p.483doi: 10.1038/nature13338
Review
The role of senescent cells in ageing p.439
Cellular senescence has recently been shown to have roles in complex biological processes other than protection against cancer, and to represent a series of progressive and diverse cellular states after initial growth arrest; better understanding of mechanisms underlying its progression and of acute and chronic senescent cells may lead to new therapeutic strategies for age-related pathologies.doi: 10.1038/nature13193
Articles
Genome-defence small RNAs exapted for epigenetic mating-type inheritance p.447
The molecular basis for mating-type determination in the ciliate Paramecium has been elucidated, revealing a novel function for a class of small RNAs — these scnRNAs are typically involved in reprogramming the Paramecium genome during sexual reproduction by recognizing and excising transposable elements, but they are now found to be co-opted to switch off expression of the newly identified mating-type gene mtA by excising its promoter, and to mediate epigenetic inheritance of mating types across sexual generations.doi: 10.1038/nature13318
Amygdala interneuron subtypes control fear learning through disinhibition p.453
Plasticity within neuronal microcircuits is believed to be the substrate of learning, and this study identifies two distinct disinhibitory mechanisms involving interactions between PV+ and SOM+ interneurons that dynamically regulate principal neuron activity in the amygdala and thereby control auditory fear learning.doi: 10.1038/nature13258
Contrasting forms of cocaine-evoked plasticity control components of relapse p.459
Information integration in the nucleus accumbens is commandeered by cocaine at discrete synapses to allow relapse.doi: 10.1038/nature13257
Cell competition is a tumour suppressor mechanism in the thymus p.465
T cells develop from thymic precursor cells that are constantly replaced with newly arriving bone marrow progenitor cells, and the ‘old’ and ‘new’ cells are shown here to compete; in the absence of cell competition, when the influx of new bone marrow progenitor cells is blocked, the old cells acquire the ability to self-renew and eventually become transformed, leading to the development of a form of leukaemia.doi: 10.1038/nature13317
Letters
A Wolf–Rayet-like progenitor of SN 2013cu from spectral observations of a stellar wind p.471
The explosive fate of massive Wolf–Rayet stars
doi: 10.1038/nature13304
Practical quantum key distribution protocol without monitoring signal disturbance p.475
Conventional quantum cryptography relies on monitoring signal disturbance to make sure that information leakage is negligible; here a new quantum method of achieving security is described, in which little information is leaked to the eavesdropper regardless of the signal disturbance.doi: 10.1038/nature13303
Future increases in Arctic precipitation linked to local evaporation and sea-ice retreat p.479
Precipitation is expected to increase far more over the twenty-first century in the Arctic than the global average; climate models show that this is driven mainly by increased local evaporation and sea-ice retreat, rather than by increased moisture transport from lower latitudes.doi: 10.1038/nature13259
Uplift and seismicity driven by groundwater depletion in central California p.483
Human-caused groundwater depletion in California’s San Joaquin Valley contributes to uplift of the surrounding mountains and may affect the stability of the San Andreas Fault.doi: 10.1038/nature13275
High-throughput screening of a CRISPR/Cas9 library for functional genomics in human cells p.487
This study describes the construction of a focused CRISPR/Cas-based lentiviral library in human cells and a method of gene identification based on functional screening and high-throughput sequencing analysis.doi: 10.1038/nature13166
Copper is required for oncogenic BRAF signalling and tumorigenesis p.492
Tumorigenesis driven by the oncogene BRAFV600E is shown both to depend on the BRAF substrates MEK1/2 associating with copper, and to be sensitive to copper-chelating drugs, suggesting merit in testing such drugs for the treatment of BRAF mutation-positive cancers.doi: 10.1038/nature13180
Protective mucosal immunity mediated by epithelial CD1d and IL-10 p.497
Here, the presentation of lipid antigens by CD1d is shown to induce retrograde anti-inflammatory signalling in intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in the production of IL-10.doi: 10.1038/nature13150
Mfsd2a is a transporter for the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid p.503
Mfsd2a is the major transporter of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into brain, with Mfsd2a-knockout mice showing reduced DHA in brain, neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, behavioural disorders and reduced brain size; DHA is transported in a sodium-dependent manner, in the form of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) carrying long-chain fatty acids.doi: 10.1038/nature13241
Mfsd2a is critical for the formation and function of the blood–brain barrier p.507
Mfsd2a is a key regulator of blood–brain barrier (BBB) formation and function in mice: Mfsd2a is selectively expressed in BBB-containing blood vessels in the CNS; Mfsd2a−/− mice have a leaky BBB and increased vesicular transcytosis in CNS endothelial cells; and Mfsd2a endothelial expression is regulated by pericytes to facilitate BBB integrity.doi: 10.1038/nature13324
Structure of the AcrAB–TolC multidrug efflux pump p.512
Many bacteria are able to survive in the presence of antibiotics in part because they possess pumps that can remove a broad range of small molecules; here, the structure of one such pump, AcrAB–TolC, is determined using X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy.doi: 10.1038/nature13205
Structural basis of Sec-independent membrane protein insertion by YidC p.516
The crystal structure of the bacterial protein YidC is reported, together with a structure-based functional analysis, providing insight into the role of YidC in inserting single-spanning membrane proteins into the membrane.doi: 10.1038/nature13167
