An accident waiting to happen p.259
The release of radioactive material at a US nuclear-waste repository reveals an all-too-common picture of complacency over safety and a gradual downgrading of regulations.doi: 10.1038/509259a
Volume 509 Issue 7500
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 사람들에 의해서 만들어진 전자기 잡음에 의해서 방향감각을 상실한 철새
균일한 니켈 촉매 작용
염증 반응 동안 발생하는 핵산 대사 경로
시트리날린 B와 사이클로피아민 B의 전체 합성 및 분리
부모의 자녀 돌봄 행동에 영향을 주는 갈라닌 신경 세포
시공간적 방향성 선택에 관여하는 망막
심장 내 심근 재생이 아닌 심장 혈관 내피 세포 생성에 주로 관여하는 c-kit 양성 세포
우리 은하계 디스크를 밝게 비춰주는 세페이드 변광성
열대성 저기압의 최대 세기를 나타내는 위치 변화
사람 신체 내 미생물 군집의 다이나믹스
서로 다른 미생물 대사 경로에서 유래한 새로운 T 세포 활성화 항원
컨텐츠
Editorials
Full support p.259
Germany should follow the United Kingdom’s lead and spell out the benefits of animal research.doi: 10.1038/509259b
Hard data p.260
It has been no small feat for the Protein Data Bank to stay relevant for 100,000 structures.doi: 10.1038/509260a
News
Call for better oversight of nuclear-waste storage p.267
Accident at US repository highlights need for tougher safety monitoring, say experts.doi: 10.1038/509267a
Microbiome therapy gains market traction p.269
Wave of investment suggests drugs from body-dwelling bacteria are heading for the clinic.doi: 10.1038/509269a
Atlantic current strength declines p.270
But more data are needed to indicate whether the slowing is a result of human-induced climate change.doi: 10.1038/509270a
NASA plans Mars sample-return rover p.272
Agency to narrow down list of landing sites for 2020 mission.doi: 10.1038/509272a
News Features
Under siege p.274
A wave of anti-gay laws and homophobia in Africa is hampering efforts to study and curb the spread of HIV.doi: 10.1038/509274a
First light p.276
The left-over radiation from the Big Bang has given up what may be its last great secret about the early Universe, but astronomers are determined to mine more from this primordial prize.doi: 10.1038/509276a
News & Views
Shifting storms p.290
An analysis of historical storm data reveals that the average latitude at which tropical cyclones attain their maximum intensity has undergone a pronounced shift towards the poles over the past three decades. See Letter p.349doi: 10.1038/509290a
New letters for life's alphabet p.291
The five bases found in nucleic acids define the 'alphabet' used to encode life on Earth. The construction of an organism that stably propagates an unnatural DNA base pair redefines this fundamental feature of life. See Letter p.385doi: 10.1038/nature13335
Collaborative synthesis p.293
A chemical synthesis has led to the reassignment of the molecular structure of the naturally occurring compound citrinalin B. This, in turn, helps to untangle the biochemical origins of an intriguing family of natural products. See Article p.318doi: 10.1038/509293a
To care or not to care p.294
The behaviour of adult mice towards pups varies depending on gender and sexual experience. The activity of a population of neurons in the hypothalamus of the brain has now been found to regulate these differing responses. See Article p.325doi: 10.1038/509294a
Radio waves zap the biomagnetic compass p.296
Weak radio waves in the medium-wave band are sufficient to disrupt geomagnetic orientation in migratory birds, according to a particularly well-controlled study. But the underlying biophysics remains a puzzle. See Letter p.353doi: 10.1038/nature13334
Geology and climate drive diversification p.297
Data from the Galapagos Islands exemplify how geology and climate can interact to cause episodes of isolation and fusion of the biota across a landscape. Different scales of such cycles dictate varying mechanisms of species generation.doi: 10.1038/509297a
Reviews
Recent advances in homogeneous nickel catalysis p.299
Some of the most recent and significant developments in homogeneous nickel catalysis are reviewed, including nickel-mediated cross-coupling reactions and carbon–hydrogen bond activation reactions.doi: 10.1038/nature13274
Nucleotide signalling during inflammation p.310
Extracellular ATP released from cells during inflammatory responses predominantly functions as a signalling molecule through the activation of purinergic P2 receptors and contributes to both beneficial and detrimental inflammatory responses; this review examines P2 receptor signalling via ATP and its effect on the outcome of inflammatory and infectious diseases.doi: 10.1038/nature13085
Articles
Total synthesis and isolation of citrinalin and cyclopiamine congeners p.318
Natural products citrinalin B and cyclopiamine B, which contain basic nitrogen atoms that are susceptible to oxidation during synthesis, can be synthesized by the selective introduction and removal of functional groups.doi: 10.1038/nature13273
Galanin neurons in the medial preoptic area govern parental behaviour p.325
Sexual experience brings radical changes in how male mice behave with pups—virgin males attack them whereas mature fathers display parental care; here the authors identify a subset of hypothalamic neurons whose ablation leads to parental deficits in both males and females, and whose activation in virgin males suppresses aggression and induces pup grooming.doi: 10.1038/nature13307
Space–time wiring specificity supports direction selectivity in the retina p.331
Motion detection by the retina is thought to rely largely on the biophysics of starburst amacrine cell dendrites; here machine learning is used with gamified crowdsourcing to draw the wiring diagram involving amacrine and bipolar cells to identify a plausible circuit mechanism for direction selectivity; the model suggests similarities between mammalian and insect vision.doi: 10.1038/nature13240
c-kit+ cells minimally contribute cardiomyocytes to the heart p.337
Whether or not endogenous c-kit+ cells residing within the heart contribute cardiomyocytes during physiological ageing or after injury remains unknown; here, using an inducible lineage tracing system, the c-kit+ lineage is shown to generate cardiomyocytes at very low levels, and, by contrast, contributes substantially to cardiac endothelial cell generation.doi: 10.1038/nature13309
Letters
Cepheid variables in the flared outer disk of our galaxy p.342
Five classical Cepheids have been detected in the outer parts of our Galaxy beyond the Galactic bulge; they are probably associated with the gas in the flared disk and, if so, they are the first stars to be identified in the flare.doi: 10.1038/nature13246
Tracking excited-state charge and spin dynamics in iron coordination complexes p.345
Femtosecond resolution X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is shown to track the charge and spin dynamics triggered when an iron coordination complex is excited by light, and establishes the critical role of intermediate spin states in the de-excitation process.doi: 10.1038/nature13252
The poleward migration of the location of tropical cyclone maximum intensity p.349
Analysis of global historical data in the Northern and Southern hemispheres reveals a statistically significant, poleward migration of 1° per decade in the average latitude at which tropical cyclones have achieved their lifetime-maximum intensity over the past 30 years.doi: 10.1038/nature13278
Anthropogenic electromagnetic noise disrupts magnetic compass orientation in a migratory bird p.353
For the first time under reproducible and fully double-blinded conditions, it is shown that anthropogenic electromagnetic noise below the WHO limits affects a biological system: night-migrating birds lose the ability to use the Earth’s magnetic field for orientation when exposed to anthropogenic electromagnetic noise at strengths routinely produced by commonly used electronic devices.doi: 10.1038/nature13290
Dynamics and associations of microbial community types across the human body p.357
The microbiome composition of 300 individuals sampled over 12–18 months was partitioned into microbial community types, which could be associated with the type found at other body sites, as well as with whether individuals were breastfed as an infant, their gender and their level of education.doi: 10.1038/nature13178
T-cell activation by transitory neo-antigens derived from distinct microbial pathways p.361
T cells discriminate between foreign and host molecules by recognizing distinct microbial molecules, predominantly peptides and lipids
doi: 10.1038/nature13160
Caspase-11 activation requires lysis of pathogen-containing vacuoles by IFN-induced GTPases p.366
Interferon-inducible GTPases are required for the release of vacuolar Gram-negative bacteria into the cytoplasm and subsequent inflammasome-mediated caspase-11 activation.doi: 10.1038/nature13157
Reconstructing lineage hierarchies of the distal lung epithelium using single-cell RNA-seq p.371
Single-cell transcriptome analysis enables the direct measurement of cell types and lineage hierarchies of the developing distal lung epithelium and identifies a population of bipotential alveolar progenitor cells.doi: 10.1038/nature13173
Disruption of Mediator rescues the stunted growth of a lignin-deficient Arabidopsis mutant p.376
Disruption of lignin biosynthesis has been proposed as a way to improve forage and bioenergy crops, but it can result in stunted growth and developmental abnormalities; here, the undesirable features of one such manipulation are shown to depend on the transcriptional co-regulatory complex Mediator.doi: 10.1038/nature13084
Structure of the core ectodomain of the hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein 2 p.381
The crystal structure of the core domain of the hepatitis C virus surface glycoprotein E2 has been solved; the structure shows that, contrary to expectation, E2 is unlikely to be the viral fusion protein.doi: 10.1038/nature13117
A semi-synthetic organism with an expanded genetic alphabet p.385
Triphosphates of hydrophobic nucleotides d5SICS and dNaM are imported into Escherichia coli by an exogenous algal nucleotide triphosphate transporter and then used by an endogenous polymerase to replicate, and faithfully maintain over many generations of growth, a plasmid containing the d5SICS–dNaM unnatural base pair.doi: 10.1038/nature13314
