Repeat after me p.253

doi: 10.1038/488253a

Safety shambles p.253

doi: 10.1038/488253b

Amino acid provides shortcut to drugs

doi: 10.1038/488266a

Mars scientists await feast of data

doi: 10.1038/488262a

Ebola outbreak tests local surveillance

doi: 10.1038/488265a

Generic HIV drugs will widen US treatment net

doi: 10.1038/488267a

Green protests on the rise in China

doi: 10.1038/488261a

Romanian scientists fight plagiarism

doi: 10.1038/488264a

Science on the Silk Road: Taste for adventure

doi: 10.1038/488269a

Science in the Sahara: Man of the desert

doi: 10.1038/488272a

CancerExploiting collateral damage p.284

doi: 10.1038/488284a

Applied physicsMasers made easy p.285

doi: 10.1038/488285a

Cell biologyNeither brown nor white p.286

doi: 10.1038/488286a

AstrophysicsOne of the first of the second stars p.288

doi: 10.1038/488288a

NeuroscienceCircuits drive cell diversity p.289

doi: 10.1038/488289a

50 & 100 years ago p.290

doi: 10.1038/488290a

OceanographyThe trouble with the bubble p.290

doi: 10.1038/nature11481

Passenger deletions generate therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer p.337

Inactivation of tumour-suppressor genes by homozygous deletion is a prototypic event in the cancer genome, yet such deletions often encompass neighbouring genes. We propose that homozygous deletions in such passenger genes can expose cancer-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities when the collaterally deleted gene is a member of a functionally redundant family of genes carrying out an essential function. The glycolytic gene enolase 1 (ENO1) in the 1p36 locus is deleted in glioblastoma (GBM), which is tolerated by the expression of ENO2. Here we show that short-hairpin-RNA-mediated silencing of ENO2 selectively inhibits growth, survival and the tumorigenic potential of ENO1-deleted GBM cells, and that the enolase inhibitor phosphonoacetohydroxamate is selectively toxic to ENO1-deleted GBM cells relative to ENO1-intact GBM cells or normal astrocytes. The principle of collateral vulnerability should be applicable to other passenger-deleted genes encoding functionally redundant essential activities and provide an effective treatment strategy for cancers containing such genomic events.

doi: 10.1038/nature11331

Division and subtraction by distinct cortical inhibitory networks in vivo p.343

Brain circuits process information through specialized neuronal subclasses interacting within a network. Revealing their interplay requires activating specific cells while monitoring others in a functioning circuit. Here we use a new platform for two-way light-based circuit interrogation in visual cortex in vivo to show the computational implications of modulating different subclasses of inhibitory neurons during sensory processing. We find that soma-targeting, parvalbumin-expressing (PV) neurons principally divide responses but preserve stimulus selectivity, whereas dendrite-targeting, somatostatin-expressing (SOM) neurons principally subtract from excitatory responses and sharpen selectivity. Visualized in vivo cell-attached recordings show that division by PV neurons alters response gain, whereas subtraction by SOM neurons shifts response levels. Finally, stimulating identified neurons while scanning many target cells reveals that single PV and SOM neurons functionally impact only specific subsets of neurons in their projection fields. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibitory neuronal subclasses have distinct and complementary roles in cortical computations.

doi: 10.1038/nature11347

A massive, cooling-flow-induced starburst in the core of a luminous cluster of galaxies p.349

doi: 10.1038/nature11379

Room-temperature solid-state maser p.353

doi: 10.1038/nature11339

Electronic read-out of a single nuclear spin using a molecular spin transistor p.357

doi: 10.1038/nature11341

Doubling of marine dinitrogen-fixation rates based on direct measurements p.361

doi: 10.1038/nature11338

More extreme swings of the South Pacific convergence zone due to greenhouse warming p.365

doi: 10.1038/nature11358

Reconstructing Native American population history p.370

doi: 10.1038/nature11258

A biophysical signature of network affiliation and sensory processing in mitral cells p.375

doi: 10.1038/nature11291

Activation of specific interneurons improves V1 feature selectivity and visual perception p.379

doi: 10.1038/nature11312

Bacterial virulence proteins as tools to rewire kinase pathways in yeast and immune cells p.384

doi: 10.1038/nature11259

NLRP6 negatively regulates innate immunity and host defence against bacterial pathogens p.389

doi: 10.1038/nature11250

APJ acts as a dual receptor in cardiac hypertrophy p.394

doi: 10.1038/nature11263

‘Slings’ enable neutrophil rolling at high shear p.399

doi: 10.1038/nature11248

A selective jumonji H3K27 demethylase inhibitor modulates the proinflammatory macrophage response p.404

doi: 10.1038/nature11262

The H3K27 demethylase Utx regulates somatic and germ cell epigenetic reprogramming p.409

doi: 10.1038/nature11272

The dynamic disulphide relay of quiescin sulphydryl oxidase p.414

doi: 10.1038/nature11267