The story of CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing has tended to focus on a few key players. But, as with any area of basic research, it takes a small army of talented researchers to make a discovery.
doi: 10.1038/535323a
Scientists are urging Pokémon Go fanatics to keep an eye out for new species.
doi: 10.1038/535323b
Basic bike design has been unchanged for a century — but science is finally finding out how to make bicycles better.
doi: 10.1038/535324a
Reshuffled UK administration signals change for research and science policy.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20264
European Investment Bank provides surprise loan to halt startling brain drain.
doi: 10.1038/535333a
Court decision escalates tensions in ecologically sensitive region, but may also push nations to cooperate.
doi: 10.1038/535334a
Genetics study confirms social cycle that helps infection to spread.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20273
'Black and Bloom' project explores how microorganisms help to determine the pace of Arctic melting.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20265
Chemist Claudio Bifano tells Nature about daily life in a country gripped by hunger, scarcity and violence.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20261
自転車を愛し自転車と共に過ごしてきた技術者Jim Papadopoulosの、自転車の走る仕組みに関する数学的研究が、今、注目を集めている。
doi: 10.1038/535338a
遺伝子編集技術の需要がますます高まり、開発の中心になった研究者はすっかり有名になったが、それを支えた大学院生やポスドクたちは見過ごされがちである。
doi: 10.1038/535342a
南極半島はここ数十年にわたって温暖化してきたが、今回行われた解析では、1990年代後半からは寒冷化していることが示されている。寒冷化に関係する要因が調べられ、これが自然変動と一致して起こっていることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/535358a
補酵素と呼ばれる有機分子類は代謝で重要な役割を果たしているが、細菌のRNAの成分としても働いていることが知られている。今回、補酵素がRNAに組み込まれる仕組みが明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/nature18908
サンゴ礁についての世界的規模の研究で、魚類のバイオマスが人間や環境による圧から予想される量より大きいサンゴ礁が見つかった。このような想定外の値を示すサンゴ礁からは、サンゴ礁の持続可能な管理法について学べることがありそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/535361a
電子は負電荷を持つために互いに反発し合う。今回、他の電子からの反発力を受けた結果、電子同士が引きつけ合うことがあるという50年前からの説が、実験によって確証された。
doi: 10.1038/535362a
湿地からのメタン放出についての野外研究によって、予想されたよりも大量のガスが拡散過程によって逸出していて、それは主に夜間に起こっていることが明らかになった。メタンは温室効果ガスであることから、この知見は地球温暖化に関係してくる。
doi: 10.1038/535363a
インスリンを産生するβ細胞に関する2つの研究から、長らく均一と見なされてきたこの細胞集団にばらつきがあることが明らかになった。このようなばらつきは細胞の成熟あるいは老化の間に起こった変化を反映しているらしい。
doi: 10.1038/nature18907
A high-resolution gene expression atlas of prenatal and postnatal brain development of rhesus monkey charts global transcriptional dynamics in relation to brain maturation, while comparative analysis reveals human-specific gene trajectories; candidate risk genes associated with human neurodevelopmental disorders tend to be co-expressed in disease-specific patterns in the developing monkey neocortex.
doi: 10.1038/nature18637
Increased potential for branched-chain amino acid and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in the gut microbiome of insulin-resistant individuals suggests that changes in the serum metabolome induced by dysbiosis, and driven by only a handful of species, contribute to the development of diabetes.
doi: 10.1038/nature18646
Protection of nascent DNA from degradation provides a mechanism that can promote synthetic viability and drug resistance in Brca-deficient cells without restoring homologous recombination at double-strand breaks.
doi: 10.1038/nature18325
Observations of reverberation arising from gravitationally redshifted iron Kα photons reflected off the inner accretion flow in a tidal disruption event demonstrate that X-rays originate from a region very close to the central black hole and not from a relativistic jet, as previously thought.
doi: 10.1038/nature18007
The widespread rimmed grooves, lineations and elongate craters extending from the Imbrium impact basin on the Moon, termed the Imbrium Sculpture, includes a non-radial component that is used to infer that the Imbrium impactor was the size of a proto-planet—about half the diameter of Vesta.
doi: 10.1038/nature18278
Experimental demonstration of excitonic attraction between two electrons is achieved in quantum devices made from carbon nanotubes, where the interaction between two electrons is reversed from repulsive to attractive owing to their strong Coulomb interaction with another electronic system.
doi: 10.1038/nature18639
The incorporation of large numbers of chemically diverse functional components into microfabricated structures at precise locations is challenging; now the precision placement of DNA origami by directed self-assembly is shown to overcome this problem for the purpose of reliably and controllably coupling molecular emitters to photonic crystal cavities.
doi: 10.1038/nature18287
A co-catalyst system for electrochemical alcohol oxidation composed of a bipyridine copper catalyst and an electron-proton-transfer mediator called TEMPO operates at much lower potential and is faster than TEMPO alone.
doi: 10.1038/nature18008
Here it is shown that the late twentieth century warming trends in the Antarctic Peninsula have ceased, with the Peninsula having instead been cooling for most of the twenty-first century, underscoring the considerable internal variability within the Antarctic climate system.
doi: 10.1038/nature18645
Data from over 2,500 reefs worldwide is used to identify 15 bright spots—sites where reef biomass is significantly higher than expected—and surveys of local experts in these areas suggest that strong sociocultural institutions and high levels of local engagement are among the factors supporting higher fish biomass.
doi: 10.1038/nature18607
In the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, expression of conditioned fear is causally related to the organization of neurons into functional assemblies, defining tight temporal control of this behaviour.
doi: 10.1038/nature18630
Adaptive immune dysfunction, in particular interferon-γ, is implicated in disorders characterized by social dysfunction and suggests interferon-γ signalling may provide a co-evolutionary link between social behaviour and an anti-pathogen immune response.
doi: 10.1038/nature18626
Mature pancreatic β-cells can be distinguished from proliferating ones by expression of the Fltp reporter gene, which is triggered by Wnt signalling and β-cell polarization and islet compaction.
doi: 10.1038/nature18624
Mobile genes, which can be transferred between bacterial species in the microbiome to impart properties such as antibiotic resistance, are reflective of human activity and local diets.
doi: 10.1038/nature18927
Neurotrophic factors produced by enteric glia in response to microbiota and alarmin cues regulate IL-22 production by group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the gut; disruption of this pathway leads to impaired clearance of Citrobacter rodentium and defects in epithelial integrity in a model of intestinal inflammation.
doi: 10.1038/nature18644
RNA caps other than the 7-methylguanylate modification are generated by a distinct mechanism in which caps are added during, not after, transcription initiation through the use of non-canonical initiating nucleotides by RNA polymerases, a finding which has functional consequences.
doi: 10.1038/nature18622
Stabilization of an active and inactive conformation of the β2-adrenergic receptor by allosteric nanobodies reveals differential ligand-dependent regulation of receptor states to control G-protein-coupled receptor activation.
doi: 10.1038/nature18636
