Government science advisers are unlikely to be specialists on the subject of a crisis, but they are key to bringing together relevant experts and disseminating the information clearly and accurately.
doi: 10.1038/512347a
Climate models must consider how humans are responding to a warming world.
doi: 10.1038/512347b
Greater international assistance is needed to quell the epidemic, say health officials.
doi: 10.1038/512355a
Genetically modified eucalyptus could be a global test case.
doi: 10.1038/512357a
Desire to observe whales and dolphins up close is affecting animals’ behaviour.
doi: 10.1038/512358a
Race is on to record mountain biodiversity before it is lost.
doi: 10.1038/512359a
国家が危機に直面した時、政府レベルの対応に関して助言するのが科学顧問であり、近年の火山噴火、原油流出事故、致命的な疾患の流行に対する彼らの取り組みを追った。
doi: 10.1038/512360a
ENCODE（Encyclopedia of DNA Elements）およびmodENCODE（Model Organism ENCODE）研究コンソーシアムからの最新の報告は、線虫、ショウジョウバエとヒトのゲノム中にある機能エレメントのデータセットの数を2倍以上にするものだ。
doi: 10.1038/512374a
Ia型超新星に由来するγ線の観測は、この種の星の爆発が前駆天体での急な熱核融合からエネルギーを得ていることを示している。
doi: 10.1038/512375a
芳香族炭化水素受容体は環境中の毒性分子に対する防御応答を誘導する。新たな研究から、この受容体は細菌の遺伝子にコードされている毒性因子の識別も行っていて、免疫系にも役立っていることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13741
太陽エネルギー生成のきっかけとなる核反応の際に生じるニュートリノが観測された。太陽ニュートリノ探索におけるこの画期的な成果には、地下深くに設置された極めて感度の高い測定器が必要だった。
doi: 10.1038/512378a
ある種の磁力計の設計が改良され、このような機器の感度が大幅に向上した。これは、異なる種類の信号を併用して感度を上げる新世代のハイブリッドセンサーの先駆けとなるかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/512380a
理論モデルの1つでは、雌が誘導するつがい外交尾が起こる原因は、雄が近隣の家族に関心を向けることにあり、つがい外交尾は雄の協力を引き出す強力な動機を作り出し、また同時に雌に利益をもたらすと考えられている。
doi: 10.1038/512381a
Spectral observations of the low-energy neutrinos produced by proton–proton fusion in the Sun demonstrate that about 99 per cent of the Sun’s power is generated by this process.
doi: 10.1038/nature13702
The mammalian aryl hydrocarbon receptor (known to sense environmental pollutants) is shown to also have a role as a pattern recognition receptor in sensing bacterial virulence factors, resulting in an antibacterial response and activation of innate and natural defences.
doi: 10.1038/nature13684
A large-scale transcriptome analysis in Drosophila melanogaster, across tissues, cell types and conditions, provides insights into global patterns and diversity of transcription initiation, splicing, polyadenylation and non-coding RNA expression.
doi: 10.1038/nature12962
Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing across multiple stages of Caenorhabditis elegant development reveals the genomic distribution of binding sites for 92 transcription factors and regulatory proteins, and integration of these and cellular-resolution expression data produce a spatiotemporally resolved metazoan transcription factor binding map allowing exploration into the properties of developmental regulatory circuits.
doi: 10.1038/nature13497
The detection of 56Co γ-ray emission from the supernova 2014J proves that type Ia supernovae result from a thermonuclear explosion of a carbon–oxygen white dwarf or of a pair of merging white dwarfs.
doi: 10.1038/nature13672
A new quantum imaging experiment demonstrates images made with light that does not encounter the object; one of a pair of photons created at two crystals illuminates the object but is never detected, and the other photon, which is in a joint quantum state with the first and does not interact with the object, forms an image of the object on a camera.
doi: 10.1038/nature13586
A trinuclear titanium polyhydride complex can be used to cleave carbon–carbon bonds in benzene and transform the benzene ring, suggesting that multinuclear titanium hydrides could be used to activate aromatic molecules.
doi: 10.1038/nature13624
In many regions, a warming climate may lead to large decreases in annual snowfall while having a much weaker effect on the intensities of the heaviest snowfall events — those that can be most disruptive to urban infrastructure.
doi: 10.1038/nature13625
Fossils of Metaspriggina, one of the earliest known and most primitive fishes, are described, with the structure of the gills shown to presage that of jawed vertebrates in many ways.
doi: 10.1038/nature13414
During learning, the new patterns of neural population activity that develop are constrained by the existing network structure so that certain patterns can be generated more readily than others.
doi: 10.1038/nature13665
Four medulla neurons implement two critical processing steps to incoming signals in Drosophila motion detection.
doi: 10.1038/nature13427
A microRNA, miR-34a, is a novel and critical suppressor of osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption and the bone metastatic niche.
doi: 10.1038/nature13375
Long-term plant resistance polymorphism does not require obligate association but instead is maintained in the face of diffuse ecological interactions.
doi: 10.1038/nature13439
The receptor for the cytoplasmic factor that targets tail-anchored proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum is an enzyme that enables a facilitated insertion path into the lipid bilayer.
doi: 10.1038/nature13471
Uniform processing and detailed annotation of human, worm and fly RNA-sequencing data reveal ancient, conserved features of the transcriptome, shared co-expression modules (many enriched in developmental genes), matched expression patterns across development and similar extent of non-canonical, non-coding transcription; furthermore, the data are used to create a single, universal model to predict gene-expression levels for all three organisms from chromatin features at the promoter.
doi: 10.1038/nature13424
A large collection of new modENCODE and ENCODE genome-wide chromatin data sets from cell lines and developmental stages in worm, fly and human are analysed; this reveals many conserved features of chromatin organization among the three organisms, as well as notable differences in the composition and locations of repressive chromatin.
doi: 10.1038/nature13415
A map of genome-wide binding locations of 165 human, 93 worm and 52 fly transcription-regulatory factors (almost 50% presented for the first time) from diverse cell types, developmental stages, or conditions reveals that gene-regulatory properties previously observed for individual factors may be general principles of metazoan regulation that are well preserved.
doi: 10.1038/nature13668
