How Putin can restore Russian research p.285
The sleeping bear of Russian science could finally wake — and China can show it how.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03066-y
Volume 555 Issue 7696
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： Aspergillus에서 면역원성을 위해 중요한 DHN-멜라닌 인식
청소년기에 발생하는 암에서의 지놈 변이 랜드스케이프
진핵세포의 N-글리코실화 효소 OST 복합체에 대한 3.5 Å 해상도 구조 분석
은하계 디스크의 서로 반대되는 평면에 존재하는 화학적으로 매우 유사한 두 개의 별
고체상태 스핀 센서를 이용한 고해상도 자기공명 분광광도계
전세계 수백만 명의 소규모 자작농 생산성 향성을 통한 지속 가능한 생산
더 이상 신경 재생이 일어나지 않는 성인 해마
유잉 선종을 유발하는 R-루프 및 BRCA1 수선 작용 억제
컨텐츠
Editorials
AI diagnostics need attention p.285
Computer algorithms to detect disease show great promise, but they must be developed and applied with care.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03067-x
Everyone needs a data-management plan p.286
They sound dull, but data-management plans are essential, and funders must explain why.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03065-z
News
AI researchers embrace Bitcoin technology to share medical data p.293
Blockchain could let people offer health records for research — without losing control over them.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02641-7
MIT launches multimillion-dollar collaboration to develop fusion energy p.294
With corporate participation, researchers seek to build a pilot fusion energy plant within 15 years.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02966-3
Drilling project probes New Zealand’s risk of killer quakes p.295
Major expedition will investigate enigmatic sea-floor fault zone.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02640-8
Police probe of Brazilian marijuana researcher sparks protests p.296
Researchers are concerned about potential restrictions to academic freedom.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02842-0
Russian science chases escape from mediocrity p.297
With Vladimir Putin set to earn another presidential term, researchers wonder whether his government will reverse decades of decline.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02872-8
News Features
What lava lamps and vinaigrette can teach us about cell biology p.300
Like oil in water, the contents of cells can segregate into droplets. It’s called phase separation, and biologists are seeing it everywhere.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03070-2
News & Views
Oxidation softens mantle rocks p.314
Seismic waves that propagate through a layer of Earth’s upper mantle are highly attenuated. Contrary to general thinking, this attenuation seems to be strongly affected by oxidation conditions, rather than by water content.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02828-y
Questioning human neurogenesis p.315
Neurons are born in the brain’s hippocampus throughout adulthood in mammals, contributing to the region’s functions in memory and mood. But a study now questions whether this phenomenon really extends to humans.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02629-3
Landscapes of childhood tumours p.316
Two analyses of the genetic alterations that characterize paediatric cancers reveal key differences from adult cancers, and point to ways of optimizing therapeutic approaches to combating cancer in children.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-01648-4
Waves cornered p.318
The experimental discovery of materials known as higher-order topological insulators corroborates theoretical predictions and expands the toolbox for integrated optics and mechanical devices.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02868-4
Melanin triggers antifungal defences p.319
Melanins are enigmatic pigments that have many roles, and the melanin in pathogenic fungi can aid host infection. Identification of a mammalian protein that recognizes melanin now reveals an antifungal defence pathway.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02370-x
Articles
The landscape of genomic alterations across childhood cancers OPEN p.321
Analyses of genomes from 914 children, adolescents, and young adults provide a comprehensive resource of genomic alterations across a spectrum of common childhood cancers.doi: 10.1038/nature25480
The atomic structure of a eukaryotic oligosaccharyltransferase complex p.328
The high-resolution structure of the entire eukaryotic oligosaccharyltransferase complex is determined, revealing the role of membrane lipids in mediating inter-subunit interactions, and the mechanism by which the complex enables protein N-glycosylation.doi: 10.1038/nature25755
Letters
Two chemically similar stellar overdensities on opposite sides of the plane of the Galactic disk p.334
Fourteen stars from stellar overdensities above and below the Galactic disk have the same elemental abundances as disk stars, suggesting that these stars originated in the disk, perhaps being removed during interaction with passing dwarf galaxies.doi: 10.1038/nature25490
Confocal non-line-of-sight imaging based on the light-cone transform p.338
A confocal scanning technique solves the reconstruction problem of non-line-of-sight imaging to give fast and high-quality reconstructions of hidden objects.doi: 10.1038/nature25489
Observation of a phononic quadrupole topological insulator p.342
A two-dimensional phononic quadrupole topological insulator is demonstrated experimentally using mechanical metamaterials, which has both the one-dimensional edge states and the zero-dimensional corner states predicted by theory.doi: 10.1038/nature25156
A quantized microwave quadrupole insulator with topologically protected corner states p.346
A quantized quadrupole topological insulator composed of capacitively coupled microwave resonators has corner states that are protected by bulk topology and exhibit exceptional robustness against edge deformation.doi: 10.1038/nature25777
High-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy using a solid-state spin sensor p.351
High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at the scale of single cells is achieved by combining a magnetometer consisting of an ensemble of nitrogen–vacancy centres with a narrowband synchronized readout protocol.doi: 10.1038/nature25781
Redox-influenced seismic properties of upper-mantle olivine p.355
Redox conditions and associated defect chemistry rather than water content, as previously thought, strongly influence the seismic properties of olivine, the main constituent mineral of Earth’s upper mantle.doi: 10.1038/nature25764
Altruism in a volatile world p.359
A derivation of Hamilton’s rule that considers explicit environmental stochasticity can predict when organisms should pay a cost to influence the variance in the reproductive success of their relatives, formalizing the link between bet-hedging and altruism.doi: 10.1038/nature25965
Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers p.363
Millions of Chinese smallholder farmers were persuaded to adopt enhanced management practices, which led to a greater yield, reduced nitrogen fertilizer use and improved environmental performance throughout China.doi: 10.1038/nature25785
Pervasive phosphorus limitation of tree species but not communities in tropical forests p.367
In lowland tropical forests in Panama, widespread species-level phosphorus limitation of tree growth is not reflected in community-wide growth or biomass owing to the presence of a few species tolerant of low phosphorus availability.doi: 10.1038/nature25789
Pan-cancer genome and transcriptome analyses of 1,699 paediatric leukaemias and solid tumours OPEN p.371
Analysis of the genomes, exomes and transcriptomes of 1,699 childhood cancers identifies 142 driver genes.doi: 10.1038/nature25795
Human hippocampal neurogenesis drops sharply in children to undetectable levels in adults p.377
Recruitment of young neurons to the hippocampus decreases rapidly during the first years of life, and neurogenesis does not continue, or is extremely rare, in the adult human brain.doi: 10.1038/nature25975
Recognition of DHN-melanin by a C-type lectin receptor is required for immunity to Aspergillus p.382
The C-type lectin receptor MelLec recognizes DHN-melanin in conidial spores of Aspergillus fumigatus and other DHN-melanized fungi, revealing an important role for this receptor in antifungal immunity in both mice and humans.doi: 10.1038/nature25974
EWS–FLI1 increases transcription to cause R-loops and block BRCA1 repair in Ewing sarcoma p.387
The EWS–FLI1 fusion protein, expressed in Ewing sarcoma, increases global transcription, causes accumulation of R loops and replication stress, and impairs BRCA1-mediated repair.doi: 10.1038/nature25748
Epigenetic reprogramming enables the transition from primordial germ cell to gonocyte p.392
Gonadal germline epigenetic reprogramming involves an interplay between DNA methylation, the polycomb complex and Tet1 in both DNA methylation dependent and independent roles, to ensure the activation of a specific subset of genes critical for progression of gametogenesis.doi: 10.1038/nature25964
Gating mechanisms of acid-sensing ion channels p.397
X-ray and cryo-electron microscopy structures of the acid-sensing ion channel ASIC1a reveal the molecular mechanisms of channel gating and desensitization.doi: 10.1038/nature25782
