US Cancer Moonshot must strike a balance between research and prevention p.467
In the face of uncertain funding, the US initiative should not ignore proven programmes in favour of glitzy research.doi: 10.1038/539467a
Volume 539 Issue 7630
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 원자 단위까지 관찰 가능한 주사투과 전자 현미경 개발
서페이스 및 인터페이스에서의 스핀-공전에 의한 이멀전트 현상
설치류의 체표면 패턴 발달 메커니즘
세균의 병원성에 필수적인 식물 내 수분 함유 생활 환경을 형성
세균의 부착 복합체의 힘 전달 메커니즘
새롭게 디자인 된 소장 줄기세포 및 오가노이드 배양 방법
조직 내 아폽토시스 세포에 대한 식작용 및 항상성 유지 프로그램
비특이적 식세포에 의한 식작용 및 이와 관련된 염증 반응 완화 작용
미토콘드리아 및 세포 성장에 영향을 주는 비정형 카드헤린, Fat1
컨텐츠
Editorials
The power of big data must be harnessed for medical progress p.467
But grave challenges remain before the promise of individually tailored medicine becomes reality.doi: 10.1038/539467b
Middle East X-ray factory is a source of hope p.468
The SESAME synchrotron shows a way towards greater trust and cooperation in the Middle East.doi: 10.1038/539468a
News
First Middle Eastern X-ray factory readies for action p.475
SESAME project is set to revolutionize science in the region but is strapped for cash.doi: 10.1038/539475a
Immigrant and minority scientists shaken by Trump win p.476
Worries include job prospects, discrimination — and safety.doi: 10.1038/539476a
Rock core from dinosaur-killing impact reveals how enormous craters form p.478
Drilling into Mexico’s Chicxulub basin also finds shattered rock where underground life could thrive.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20994
CRISPR gene-editing tested in a person for the first time p.479
The move by Chinese scientists could spark a biomedical duel between China and the United States.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20988
Brazil’s scientists battle to escape 20-year funding freeze p.480
Cap at current spending levels could spell ‘end of science in Brazil’, researchers say.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21014
Geneticists hope to unlock secrets of bats’ complex sounds p.481
Project to sequence the DNA of more than 1,000 species seeks to reveal how bats learn to communicate.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20997
News Features
The sparrow with four sexes p.482
Elaina Tuttle spent her life trying to understand the bizarre chromosome evolution of a common bird — until tragedy struck.doi: 10.1038/539482a
News & Views
Clamping down on copy errors p.498
Repair enzymes must communicate across hundreds of nucleotides to undo errors made during DNA replication. Imaging reveals that the enzymes do this by forming a series of ring-like clamps that diffuse along the DNA. See Letter p.583doi: 10.1038/nature20475
Polymers make charge flow easy p.499
Organic semiconductor devices require good electrical contacts with conducting materials, but such contacts are often inefficient. An approach that tackles this problem will enable a wide range of applications. See Letter p.536doi: 10.1038/539499a
Insect invasions and natural selection p.500
Observations of a real-time invasion of Australia by Asian honeybees demonstrate how natural selection can allow a small founding population to overcome the genetic odds stacked against success.doi: 10.1038/nature20472
Flexible graphene strengthens friction p.502
Previous observations showed that friction on graphene increases gradually when a probe starts to slide across the material's surface. Simulations now reveal that this effect is related to bending of the graphene sheet. See Letter p.541doi: 10.1038/539502a
A mitochondrial brake on vascular repair p.503
Injured blood vessels are repaired by vascular smooth-muscle cells. It emerges that the protein Fat1 regulates the proliferation of these cells by inhibiting the function of mitochondria. See Letter p.575doi: 10.1038/nature20476
Improving the image of nanoparticles p.505
A biocompatible probe that combines fluorescent nanodiamonds and gold nanoparticles allows cells to be imaged using both optical and electron microscopy techniques, opening up fresh opportunities for biological research.doi: 10.1038/nature20478
A war over water when bacteria invade leaves p.506
Plants and bacteria battle for control of water during leaf infection, as is demonstrated by a bacterial species that manipulates plant cells to create a water-rich environment that promotes bacterial growth. See Article p. 524doi: 10.1038/539506a
Review
Emergent phenomena induced by spin–orbit coupling at surfaces and interfaces p.509
The interplay between spin–orbit coupling and two-dimensionality has led to the emergence of new phases of matter, such as spin-polarized surface states in topological insulators, interfacial chiral spin interactions, and magnetic skyrmions in thin films, with great potential for spin-based devices.doi: 10.1038/nature19820
Articles
Developmental mechanisms of stripe patterns in rodents p.518
Alx3-induced modulation of Mitf expression alters melanocyte differentiation and gives rise to the hair colour differences underlying the repeated evolution of dorsal stripes in rodents.doi: 10.1038/nature20109
Bacteria establish an aqueous living space in plants crucial for virulence p.524
A combination of high humidity and bacterial effectors, such as Pseudomonas syringae HopM1, creates an aqueous environment in the apoplast of immunodeficient Arabidopsis thaliana that allows non-pathogenic P. syringae strains to become virulent pathogens.doi: 10.1038/nature20166
The mechanism of force transmission at bacterial focal adhesion complexes p.530
The mystery of how bacteria that lack motile structures such as pili or flagella can ‘glide’ along surfaces is solved by a detailed description of the bacterial focal adhesion complex and its associated protein machinery.doi: 10.1038/nature20121
Letters
Doped polymer semiconductors with ultrahigh and ultralow work functions for ohmic contacts p.536
A general strategy for producing solution-processed doped polymers with the extreme work functions that are required to make good ohmic contacts to semiconductors is demonstrated in high-performance light-emitting diodes, transistors and solar cells.doi: 10.1038/nature20133
The evolving quality of frictional contact with graphene p.541
Atomistic simulations reproduce experimental observations of transient frictional strengthening of graphene on an amorphous silicon substrate, an effect which diminishes as the number of graphene layers increases.doi: 10.1038/nature20135
Catalytic activation of carbon–carbon bonds in cyclopentanones p.546
In the chemical industry, it is often necessary to activate carbon–carbon bonds in order to synthesize complex organic molecules, but this is challenging when starting with simple five- or six-membered carbon rings; a new method uses a rhodium pre-catalyst and an amino-pyridine co-catalyst, enabling an overall energetically favourable reaction that involves activation of carbon–carbon bonds plus activation of carbon–hydrogen bonds.doi: 10.1038/nature19849
Magnetic reversals from planetary dynamo waves p.551
Polarity reversals caused by dynamo waves are demonstrated in a magnetohydrodynamic model that is relevant to planetary cores, suggesting a possible mechanism of geomagnetic reversals.doi: 10.1038/nature19842
A cannabinoid link between mitochondria and memory p.555
Cannabinoids affect CB1 receptors on the mitochondrial membranes in the brain, triggering a decrease in downstream cAMP-dependent signalling; this leads to a decrease in brain mitochondrial activity and to cannabinoid-induced amnesia.doi: 10.1038/nature20127
Designer matrices for intestinal stem cell and organoid culture p.560
The authors have designed modular synthetic hydrogel networks for mouse and human intestinal stem cell cultures that support intestinal organoid formation.doi: 10.1038/nature20168
Different tissue phagocytes sample apoptotic cells to direct distinct homeostasis programs p.565
Apoptotic intestinal epithelial cells can be sampled by lamina propria phagocytes, leading to distinct phagocyte-type-specific anti-inflammatory gene signatures and dendritic-cell-mediated induction of regulatory T cells.doi: 10.1038/nature20138
Macrophages redirect phagocytosis by non-professional phagocytes and influence inflammation p.570
Macrophage-derived insulin-like growth factor enhances the uptake of microvesicles by non-professional phagocytes, such as airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts, thereby dampening tissue inflammation.doi: 10.1038/nature20141
Control of mitochondrial function and cell growth by the atypical cadherin Fat1 p.575
Fragments of the atypical cadherin Fat1 accumulate in the mitochondria of vascular smooth muscle cells where they reduce respiration, leading to a regulated proliferative response to arterial injury.doi: 10.1038/nature20170
Mechanism of super-assembly of respiratory complexes III and IV p.579
SCAF1 is always required for the interaction between the respiratory chain complexes III and IV, and in animals carrying only the short isoform of SCAF1, the respirasome is absent in most tissues, with the exception of heart and skeletal muscle, where COX7A2 is present instead of SCAF1.doi: 10.1038/nature20157
Cascading MutS and MutL sliding clamps control DNA diffusion to activate mismatch repair p.583
MutS and MutL—the highly conserved core proteins responsible for the repair of mismatched DNA—form sequential stable sliding clamps that together modulate one-dimensional diffusion along the DNA and, with MutH, facilitate the search for a distant excision initiation site.doi: 10.1038/nature20562
Genetic and mechanistic diversity of piRNA 3′-end formation p.588
Small regulatory RNAs guide Argonaute (Ago) proteins in a sequence-specific manner to their targets and therefore have important roles in eukaryotic gene silencing
doi: 10.1038/nature20162
An oxidative N-demethylase reveals PAS transition from ubiquitous sensor to enzyme p.593
Characterization of the first Per-ARNT-Sim enzyme, a haem-dependent oxidative N-demethylase.doi: 10.1038/nature20159
