Early-career researchers need fewer burdens and more support p.427
Academia is more difficult than ever for young scientists. That’s bad for them, and bad for sciencedoi: 10.1038/538427a
Volume 538 Issue 7626
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 새로운 커리어 개발 경로
기존 컴퓨터 메모리를 이용할 수 있는 새로운 하이브리드 신경 네트워크 개발
다양한 암 세포에서 효과를 나타내는 MCL1 억제인자, S63845
불안정한 중력 디스크의 단편화를 통해서 형성된 3중 원시별 시스템
달에서의 고에너지 거대 충돌에 대한 칼륨 방사선 동위원소 증거
다중 모순 변수 측정을 위한 새로운 양자 다이나믹스
대기 중 이산화탄소 농도가 전체 생태계의 생산성에 미치는 영향
급성 T세포성 백혈병 세포와 골수 미세 환경과의 상호 작용 메커니즘
발달 중인 인간 뇌에서 염색질 3차원 조절 메커니즘
컨텐츠
Editorials
Mars-probe loss is a chance for ESA to learn p.427
Failure of ExoMars lander will pave the way for the next mission.doi: 10.1038/538427b
How researchers cleared the name of HIV Patient Zero p.428
Genetic analysis of historical virus samples proves the epidemic arrived by another route.doi: 10.1038/538428a
News
Computing glitch may have doomed Mars lander p.435
Researchers sift through clues after Schiaparelli crash in hopes of averting mistakes in 2020 mission.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20861
Scientific challenges loom for Canada’s popular prime minister p.436
Justin Trudeau draws praise for boosting budgets and unmuzzling scientists, but tough challenges lie ahead.doi: 10.1038/538436a
@ScientistTrump will make science great again p.437
Florida ecologist uses a parody Twitter account as a way of highlighting issues in science and academia.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20830
Icy heart could be key to Pluto’s strange geology p.439
NASA’s New Horizons mission plumbs complex interplay between the dwarf planet's surface and its sky.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20856
Europe’s drug regulator opens vaults of clinical-trials data p.440
EMA becomes first major drugs agency to publish clinical-study reports online.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20855
Violence escalates at South African universities p.440
Protests over rising tuition fees have stopped classes, closed institutions and slowed research.doi: 10.1038/538440a
News Features
The plight of young scientists p.443
A special issue explores how the research enterprise keeps early-career scientists from pursuing the most important work, and what can be done to help.doi: 10.1038/538443a
Young scientists under pressure: what the data show p.444
Young researchers are having to fight harder than past generations for a smaller share of the academic pie.doi: 10.1038/538444a
Young, talented and fed-up: scientists tell their stories p.446
Scientists starting labs say that they are under historically high pressure to publish, secure funding and earn permanent positions — leaving precious little time for actual research.doi: 10.1038/538446a
News & Views
Precision timing in a cell p.462
A 16-year-old synthetic genetic circuit that produces gene-expression oscillations in bacterial cells has been given an upgrade, making it an exceptionally precise biological clock. See Letter p.514doi: 10.1038/nature19478
Twenty-five years of low-cost solar cells p.463
In 1991, an energy-efficient solar cell was reported that was both simple in design and relatively inexpensive. This invention has since inspired the development of solar cells that have even higher efficiencies.doi: 10.1038/538463a
Female genital cutting under the spotlight p.465
Variations in opinion between members of a community can be exploited to facilitate desirable changes in attitude, as exemplified by films that explore different beliefs about female genital cutting. See Letter p.506doi: 10.1038/nature19482
Birth of stellar siblings p.466
Binary and multiple star systems result from the fragmentation of dense material in young molecular clouds. Observations reveal that this can occur on small scales, supporting a previous model of star formation. See Letter p.483doi: 10.1038/538466a
Deep neural reasoning p.467
The human brain can solve highly abstract reasoning problems using a neural network that is entirely physical. The underlying mechanisms are only partially understood, but an artificial network provides valuable insight. See Article p.471doi: 10.1038/nature19477
Ancient avian aria from Antarctica p.468
A discovery of the sound-producing vocal organ known as the syrinx in a bird fossil from the end of the 'age of dinosaurs' highlights the anatomical basis for myriad aspects of avian social and behavioural evolution. See Letter p.502doi: 10.1038/nature19480
Articles
Hybrid computing using a neural network with dynamic external memory p.471
A ‘differentiable neural computer’ is introduced that combines the learning capabilities of a neural network with an external memory analogous to the random-access memory in a conventional computer.doi: 10.1038/nature20101
The MCL1 inhibitor S63845 is tolerable and effective in diverse cancer models p.477
S63845 specifically inhibits MCL1 and induces tumour cell death in vitro and in vivo in diverse cancer-derived cell lines with an acceptable safety margin.doi: 10.1038/nature19830
Letters
A triple protostar system formed via fragmentation of a gravitationally unstable disk p.483
Observations of the triple protostar system L1448 IRS3B support the hypothesis that companion stars can form because of gravitational instability in a protostellar disk.doi: 10.1038/nature20094
Potassium isotopic evidence for a high-energy giant impact origin of the Moon p.487
The potassium isotope signature of lunar rocks supports the model of a high-energy giant impact as the origin of the Moon.doi: 10.1038/nature19341
Quantum dynamics of simultaneously measured non-commuting observables p.491
Simultaneous measurement of two incompatible observables in a superconducting qubit placed in a cavity shows that the quantum dynamics of the system is governed by the uncertainty principle and that the wavefunction collapse is replaced by persistent diffusion.doi: 10.1038/nature19762
Atom-at-a-time laser resonance ionization spectroscopy of nobelium p.495
Resonance ionization spectroscopy of nobelium (atomic number 102) reveals its ground-state transition and an upper limit for its ionization potential, paving the way to characterizing even heavier elements via optical spectroscopy.doi: 10.1038/nature19345
Projected land photosynthesis constrained by changes in the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 p.499
Analysis of observations and model projections provides large-scale emergent constraints on the extent of CO2 fertilization, with estimated increases in gross primary productivity for both high-latitude and extratropical ecosystems under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations.doi: 10.1038/nature19772
Fossil evidence of the avian vocal organ from the Mesozoic p.502
Birds make sound in the syrinx, a unique vocal organ situated deep in the chest, but little is known about the evolution of this structure; a fossilized Cretaceous age syrinx from Antarctica is described from a species that might have been capable of making a goose-like honking sound.doi: 10.1038/nature19852
Changing cultural attitudes towards female genital cutting p.506
Entertaining movies addressing both individual values and marriageability can provide a way to change cultural attitudes towards female genital cutting within certain cultures.doi: 10.1038/nature20100
Genomic insights into the peopling of the Southwest Pacific p.510
Analysis of ancient DNA from four individuals who lived in Vanuatu and Tonga between 2,300 and 3,100 years ago suggests that the Papuan ancestry seen in present-day occupants of this region was introduced at a later date.doi: 10.1038/nature19844
Synchronous long-term oscillations in a synthetic gene circuit p.514
The first synthetic genetic oscillator or ‘repressilator’ is simplified using insights from stochastic theory, thus achieving remarkably precise and robust oscillations and informing current debates about the next generation of synthetic circuits and their potential applications in cell-based therapies.doi: 10.1038/nature19841
T-cell acute leukaemia exhibits dynamic interactions with bone marrow microenvironments p.518
Here, leukaemia cells are followed by intravital microscopy as they infiltrate mouse bone marrow and respond to chemotherapy, revealing that at all stages analysed they are highly motile and do not display any associations with particular bone marrow sub-compartments.doi: 10.1038/nature19801
Chromosome conformation elucidates regulatory relationships in developing human brain p.523
High-resolution three-dimensional maps of chromatin contacts in the developing human brain help to identify enhancer–promoter contacts, many of which are associated with human cognitive function and disease.doi: 10.1038/nature19847
TET-mediated DNA demethylation controls gastrulation by regulating Lefty–Nodal signalling p.528
Inactivation of three Tet genes in mice leads to gastrulation phenotypes similar to those in embryos with increased Nodal signalling, revealing a functional redundancy of Tet genes and showing balanced and dynamic DNA methylation and demethylation is crucial to regulate key signalling pathways in early body plan formation.doi: 10.1038/nature20095
Mechanism for DNA transposons to generate introns on genomic scales p.533
The observations that introns are acquired in bursts and that exons are often nucleosome-sized can be explained by the generation of introns from DNA transposons, which insert between nucleosomes.doi: 10.1038/nature20110
Pore architecture of TRIC channels and insights into their gating mechanism p.537
X-ray structures of C. elegans TRIC-B subtype channels reveal that the membrane proteins form a symmetrical homotrimeric complex, and a mechanistic model to explain the complex gating mechanism of TRIC channels is proposed.doi: 10.1038/nature19767
