Young researchers thrive in life after academia p.585
Alternative career paths should be celebrated, not seen as a compromise.doi: 10.1038/537585a
Volume 537 Issue 7622
Editorials
The maximum climate ambition needs a firm research backing p.585
We need to know what the 1.5 °C warming target will involve — even if we don’t reach it.doi: 10.1038/537585b
The challenges facing Habitat III p.586
United Nations conference on cities needs to set goals for the next 20 years.doi: 10.1038/537586a
News
Daring Chinese telescope is poised to transform astronomy p.593
Construction of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) is complete, but debugging has only just begun.doi: 10.1038/537593a
Facebook couple commits $3 billion to cure disease p.595
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative aims to have major impact by 2100.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20649
Cuban crocodiles pose conservation conundrum p.596
Genetic analyses of endangered animals reveal high level of interbreeding with hardier American species.doi: 10.1038/537596a
Worldwide brain-mapping project sparks excitement — and concern p.597
Worries include how to coordinate research programmes and resources from different countries.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20658
Solar on the steppe: Ukraine embraces renewables revolution p.598
Former Soviet nation bids for independence from Russian fossil fuels.doi: 10.1038/537598a
Zimbabwean scientists fight to preserve national academy p.599
Research struggles in a country in economic free-fall.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20670
News Features
Can Cuban science go global? p.600
Tensions between Cuba and the United States are easing. But researchers still struggle to join the scientific world.doi: 10.1038/537600a
News & Views
Hybrid vigour characterized p.620
Crossing different plant varieties to improve yield and fertility is common practice. A dissection of the genomic architecture that underlies such hybrid vigour might help to inform future crop-improvement strategies. See Article p.629doi: 10.1038/nature19433
MRI illuminated by γ-rays p.621
A technique that combines magnetic resonance with nuclear medicine has been used to image the distribution of a radioactive tracer, potentially opening up a powerful and innovative approach to medical imaging. See Letter p.652doi: 10.1038/537621a
The bacterial cell wall takes centre stage p.622
An unexpected function has been assigned to part of the molecular machinery that synthesizes the bacterial cell wall — a dramatic shift in our understanding that may have major implications for antibiotic development. See Article p.634doi: 10.1038/537622a
A collaboration worth its weight in grain p.624
Interventions to improve crop yields in rural China through collaboration between researchers and farmers illustrate how the goal of increasing global food production can be approached locally. See Letter p.671doi: 10.1038/nature19431
Long-term effects of permafrost thaw p.625
Carbon emissions from the Arctic tundra could increase drastically as global warming thaws permafrost. Clues now obtained about the long-term effects of such thawing on carbon dioxide emissions highlight the need for more data.doi: 10.1038/537625a
Forecast for water balance p.626
Disturbances in internal water equilibrium can be debilitating for mammals. Two studies pinpoint areas of the mouse brain that respond to and anticipate thirst, preserving systematic fluid regulation. See Letters p.680 & p.685doi: 10.1038/537626a
Small molecular replicators go organic p.627
The emergence of complex, dynamic molecular behaviour might have had a role in the origin of life. Such behaviour has now been seen in a reaction network involving small, organic, self-replicating molecules of biological relevance. See Letter p.656doi: 10.1038/537627a
Articles
Genomic architecture of heterosis for yield traits in rice p.629
Insights into the genomic architecture of heterosis for grain yield in rice are presented, and further mapping of grain yield loci resolves candidate genes that could be useful for breeding.doi: 10.1038/nature19760
SEDS proteins are a widespread family of bacterial cell wall polymerases p.634
SEDS proteins are core peptidoglycan polymerases involved in bacterial cell wall elongation and division.doi: 10.1038/nature19331
The architecture of the mammalian respirasome p.639
Respirasomes are supercomplexes of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes that are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production; a cryo-electron microscopy structural study of the respirasome is presented.doi: 10.1038/nature19359
The architecture of respiratory supercomplexes p.644
Respirasomes are supercomplexes of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes that are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production; cryo-electron microscopy structures of mammalian (sheep) respirasomes are presented.doi: 10.1038/nature19774
Letters
The awakening of a classical nova from hibernation p.649
Long-term pre- and post-eruption observations of the classical nova V1213 Centauri reveal that its progenitor was a dwarf nova and that the mass-transfer rate increased considerably as a result of the nova explosion.doi: 10.1038/nature19066
A method for imaging and spectroscopy using γ-rays and magnetic resonance p.652
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides fine spatial resolution, spectral sensitivity and a rich variety of contrast mechanisms for diagnostic medical applications
doi: 10.1038/nature19775
Autocatalytic, bistable, oscillatory networks of biologically relevant organic reactions p.656
A few-component network of biologically relevant, organic reactions displays bistability and oscillations, without an enzymatic catalyst.doi: 10.1038/nature19776
Directed evolution of artificial metalloenzymes for in vivo metathesis p.661
An artificial metalloenzyme is compartmentalized and evolved in vivo for olefin metathesis—an archetypal organometallic reaction without equivalent in nature; the evolved metathase reveals broad substrate scope and compares favourably with commercial catalysts.doi: 10.1038/nature19114
Key new pieces of the HIMU puzzle from olivines and diamond inclusions p.666
Trace-element analyses of olivine phenocrysts and diamond inclusions indicate that carbonatite-metasomatized subcontinental mantle may be the source of the HIMU mantle end-member, as opposed to recycled basaltic oceanic crust.doi: 10.1038/nature19113
Closing yield gaps in China by empowering smallholder farmers p.671
The authors report on attempts to increase the yield of smallholder farms in China using ten practices recommended by the Science and Technology Backyard for farming maize and wheat at county level.doi: 10.1038/nature19368
CHD8 haploinsufficiency results in autistic-like phenotypes in mice p.675
Heterozygous Chd8 mutant mice display autistic-like behaviours and small but global changes in brain gene expression, which are associated with delays in neuronal development.doi: 10.1038/nature19357
Thirst neurons anticipate the homeostatic consequences of eating and drinking p.680
Feedback from the oral cavity to thirst-promoting neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO) during eating and drinking is integrated with information about blood composition, providing a prediction of how oral consumption will affect fluid balance and leading to changes in behaviour.doi: 10.1038/nature18950
Clock-driven vasopressin neurotransmission mediates anticipatory thirst prior to sleep p.685
Clock neurons projecting from the suprachiasmatic nucleus activate a thirst-related brain area in mice to cause a surge in drinking just before sleep and thereby to prevent dehydration during the sleep period.doi: 10.1038/nature19756
Ecogenomics and potential biogeochemical impacts of globally abundant ocean viruses p.689
The assembly and analysis of complete genomes and large genomic fragments have tripled the number of known ocean viruses and uncovered the potentially important roles they play in nitrogen and sulfur cycling.doi: 10.1038/nature19366
Rewriting yeast central carbon metabolism for industrial isoprenoid production p.694
Yeast central carbon metabolism has been engineered to achieve a more efficient isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, an advance that brings commodity-scale production of such compounds a step closer.doi: 10.1038/nature19769
Single-cell analysis of mixed-lineage states leading to a binary cell fate choice p.698
Stem cells generate progenitors that transition through a series of dynamically unstable states with mixed-lineage gene expression, culminating in the specification of cell-fate.doi: 10.1038/nature19348
